23 data. Qualitative research describes social phenomena as they occur naturally.
Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 state that by using qualitative research, a researcher is able to look for the understanding of the phenomenon by
emphasizing on the holistic picture. It does not rely heavily on hypothesis testing, cause and effect, and statistical data.
This research is a form of study of phenomena. According to Hancock 2002, phenomena study is a way of describing something that exists as part of
the world in which we live. Phenomena may be events, situations, experiences or concepts. The researcher’s aim to this research is to get the deep exploration of the
phenomena that happened in Service Program Design SPD class.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in Sanata Dharma University. Sanata Dharma University was chosen because this research is related to one of the courses in
ELESP of Sanata Dharma, SPD. Moreover, the participants of this research were all the ELESP students that have joined SPD course. It made the researcher easier
to conduct the research. Then the time for the interviewing those participants who had been chosen purposely was different. In this case, each participant was
interviewed in different time in order to avoid the bias. For participant A, the interview was done on 8
th
of December 2015 at 08.00 am, for participant B, the interview was done on 8
th
of December 2015 at 16.00 pm, for participant C, the interview was done on 9
th
of December 2015 at 07.15 am, for participant D, the interview was done on 9
th
of December 2015 at 10.00 am, for participant E, the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
24 interview was done on 9
th
of December 2015 at 16.15 pm, for participant F, the interview was done on 9
th
of December 2015 at 18.36 pm. The time for the questionnaire was done on 15
th
of April 2016 in Sanata Dharma University.
C. Research Participants
In this research the participants were the ELESP students’ Batch 2012 that
had joined SPD class in their seventh semester. The participants were chosen purposely. Therefore, it was considered as purposive sampling. The researcher
used the purposive sampling for taking the sample. According to Palys 2008, purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method that is characterised by
a deliberate effort to gain representative samples by including groups or typical areas in a sample. Therefore, the researcher chose six students to be interviewed
and then the researcher called them as person A, B, C, D, E, and F. All initials are aimed to maintain neutrality and the respect of the research participants.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
The researcher used interview and questionnaire as the research instruments of this research. The data from both of the instruments would support
each other in completing the final result of this research.
1 Interview
The interview was conducted in agreement by the researcher and the participants. Gillham 2000 states that interview is a conversation usually
between two people, the conversation where one person – the interviewer – is
25 seeking responses for a particular purpose from the other person: interviewee. The
interview session was aimed to get data related to subjects’ experiences when joining SPD. The questions which were used in the interview were open-ended
questions. The questions were related to subjects’ experiences in SPD class. The first question was related to their brief experiences when joining SPD. The second
and the third questions were related to the problems and challenges and also how they faced or solved them. The fourth and fifth questions were related to what
they had learned during SPD class and the changes of them after joining SPD. Therefore the researcher got the data deeply through the answers. Royse 2007
states that open-ended questions produce greater detail and depth, they are greatly favored by the qualitative researchers. The subject is also allowed to elaborate the
answers in which they still relate to the questions in order to get the data more deeply.
The researcher decided the place and time to conduct the interview. The interview was done in about fifty minutes for each interviewee. The interview was
recorded by the researcher in order to avoid any missed information. So that, the researcher has the back-up for the interview data. The interview was conducted in
order to get further information about how ELESP students obtain the knowledge of entrepreneurship through Service Program Design class.
2 Questionnaire
The questionnaire was done to get reliability and validity of the data because they are important aspects of questionnaire design. The researcher
assumed that reliability and validity were the important aspects of questionnaire PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
26 design. According to Suskie 1996, a perfectly reliable questionnaire elicits
consistent responses. Although it is difficult to develop, it is reasonable to design a questionnaire that approaches a consistent level of response. Leary 1995 offers
seven guidelines for designing a useful questionnaire: a.
Use precise terminology in phrasing the questions b.
Write the questions as simply as possible, avoiding difficult words, unnecessary jargon, and cumbersome phrases
c. Avoid making unwarranted assumptions about the respondents
d. Conditional information should precede the key idea of the question
e. Do not use double-barrelled questions. questions that ask more than one
question but provide the respondent with the opportunity for only one response
f. Choose an appropriate response format
g. Pre-test the questionnaire.
Robson 1993 indicates that a high reliability of response is obtainable by providing all respondents with the exact same set of questions. Validity is
inherently more difficult to establish within a single statistical measure. If a questionnaire is perfectly valid, it must measure in such a way that inferences
drawn from the questionnaire are entirely accurate. Therefore, in this research, the researcher used questionnaire in order to get reliability and validity of the data.
