Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

26 design. According to Suskie 1996, a perfectly reliable questionnaire elicits consistent responses. Although it is difficult to develop, it is reasonable to design a questionnaire that approaches a consistent level of response. Leary 1995 offers seven guidelines for designing a useful questionnaire: a. Use precise terminology in phrasing the questions b. Write the questions as simply as possible, avoiding difficult words, unnecessary jargon, and cumbersome phrases c. Avoid making unwarranted assumptions about the respondents d. Conditional information should precede the key idea of the question e. Do not use double-barrelled questions. questions that ask more than one question but provide the respondent with the opportunity for only one response f. Choose an appropriate response format g. Pre-test the questionnaire. Robson 1993 indicates that a high reliability of response is obtainable by providing all respondents with the exact same set of questions. Validity is inherently more difficult to establish within a single statistical measure. If a questionnaire is perfectly valid, it must measure in such a way that inferences drawn from the questionnaire are entirely accurate. Therefore, in this research, the researcher used questionnaire in order to get reliability and validity of the data. 27

E. Data Analysis Technique

The researcher is one of ELESP students’ Batch 2012 who has taken Service Program Design SPD. However, the research would not be bias since the researcher put himself as a neutral party. It also had a justification on how the analysis would be drawn from qualitative inquiry method. Qualitative inquiry method remains transparent and methodical study. In this research, it uses phenomenological study. Ary et al 2010 state phenomenological studies begin with the assumption that multiple realities are rooted in subjects’ perspectives. Thus, an experience has different meanings for each person. Through unstructured interviews, the investigator explores the subject’s thoughts and feelings to elicit the essence of an individual’s experience. In qualitative research, there are three techniques which are used to analyze the data based on Ary et al 2010. They are organizing and familiarizing the data, coding and reducing, and interpreting and representing. The data were gathered using interview and questionnaire, therefore there was a transcript. According to Ary et al 2010, the interview results should be transcribed in order to avoid bias.

F. Triangulation

The researcher used triangulation as one of the methods in this research. The researcher considered that a single method could not adequately shed light on a phenomenon. Using multiple methods could help to facilitate deeper understanding. According to Yeasmin 2012, triangulation is a process of