illuminated, but more is known than if only one method is used. Also, cross- referencing of data from different methods adds to the overall reliability of the
research process.
Figure 3.3 Principle of triangulation in action research
Gall, J., Gall, M., Borg, 2005, p. 320
1. Observations
The observations were conducted in the classroom setting while the students learnt reading passage using local text with scanning. After
each observation was followed by semi-structured interviews where participants were explored their experiences in dealing with local texts
they learnt during the teaching-learning process. The researcher conducted two classroom observations while learning reading through
local texts with scanning instead of reading passages found in the textbooks. The researcher also carried out the observations by writing
down field notes in order to gather data to support the analysis.
2. Semi-Structured Interviews
Interviews are an essential part of data collection process, during these data gathering process.
The writer tried to elaborate the students‘ experience while using the local texts during the teaching-learning
process. This interview technique has a number of advantages and disadvantages as a method for data collection. An individual interview
has advantages because the researcher can sensitively ask the participants about their experiences, and allow the stories to flow without hesitation.
The interviews were conducted after school so that the participants felt relaxed and able to recall memories while they dealt with the texts given.
The interview technique involved was semi-structured questions and unstructured questions. The researcher used some semi-structured
questions to begin to open the flow of data towards the research question. In order to elicit information about the students‘ experiences in learning
English through local texts, she used the interview guide. The data were allowed to run in conversational and relaxed atmosphere, rather than a
one-way dialogue. The writer listened and observed the participants response while the classroom discussed the local texts used with scanning
and skimming in the teaching learning process.
3. Learning Journal Notes.
