respondents for evaluating the designed material were the English teacher of the school and 2 PBI lecturers of Sanata Dharma University.
D. Instrument and Data Gathering Technique
The instruments used in this research to gather data were observation, interview, and questionnaires. The instruments are explained as follows:
1. Interview
In this research, the type of interview that was used was unstructured interview. According to Ary 1979, unstructured interview is
defined as “more informal
” interview p.174. The interviewer is free to ask questions to the interviewee and the interviewee is also free to answer the questions p. 174. In
this research, the researcher interviewed the English teacher of the school. The interview was conducted to know teaching-
learning process and students’ characteristics.
2. Observation
Observation used in this research was nonparticipant observation. Ary 2002 defines nonparticipant observation as observation in which the observer
observes “without participating or taking any active part in the situation” p.430. The researcher, in this research, observed students of grade four while they were
studying English. The researcher did not participate in the teaching process. However, the researcher only observed in the back of class during teaching-
learning process. The researcher also observed the condition of the school.
3. Questionnaire
In the pre design step, the questionnaire that was used was structured questionnaire. According to Ary, structured questionnaire 1979 contains
“questions” and “alternative answers” to the questions p. 175. The answers to the questions had to be in-depth responses. The questionnaire distributed to the
students was in multiple choices in order to enable students to answer the questions without any difficulties. The pre design questionnaire was aimed at
gaining students’ learning needs and interests.
In the post design steps, the questionnaire that was used was combination of structured and unstructured questionnaire. Ary 1979 defines unstructured
questionnaire as questionnaires that do not include “suggested answer” p. 175. It
means that the respondents are free to give their responses to the questions. In the post design steps, the questionnaire distributed to the lecturers and English teacher
of the school consisted of nominal scale in the first section and also free answer to questions in the second section. The questionnaire was aimed at evaluating the
design. Data gathering technique in the pre-design step was done by distributing
questionnaires to 13 the students of grade four. The questionnaires were to collect students’ needs and interest on studying English. In the post-design step, the
researcher evaluated the designed material by distributing questionnaires to English teacher of the school and 2 PBI lecturers of Sanata Dharma University.
The result of the questionnaire was used to revise the designed material.
E. Data Analysis Technique
