The interview is one of the most widely used and basic methods for obtaining qualitative data. Interviews are used to gather data from people about
opinions, beliefs, and feelings about situations in their own words. They are used to help understand the experiences people have and the meaning they
make of them rather than to test hypotheses. Interviews may provide information that cannot be obtained through observation, or they can be used
to verify observations.
5
The researcher used interview because, by this technique, the valid information regarding to the topic discussed can be gathered directly from the
source. Interview also can help the researcher to see the participants’ perspective,
opinion, and feelings about the experience. Using interview as a technique, the researcher could lead the conversation to the research topic substantively.
Therefore, the data gained is real based on the fact. In interviewing, the researcher employed open ended format questions which become the characteristic of
qualitative research to reach the thick description about the experience, feeing, and situation. Ary et al. state
“One characteristic that all qualitative interview formats share is that the questions are typically open ended cannot be answered
with a yes or no or simple response and the questions are designed to reveal what is important to understand about the phe
nomenon under study.”
6
In addition, the researcher combined the open ended format with structured interview where several students were asked the same question relate to the topic
of the research. The researcher interviewed the teacher of speaking class of Training Class to get the concepts of teaching speaking skill and several students
to see their experiences in speaking class. Finally, to gather the data collected from interview and to ease the researcher in analyzing them, the researcher used
an audio recorder.
3. Field Note
The researcher used field note to expand the description of the brief notes which was done during the observation or interview session to collect and to
5
Ibid., p. 438.
6
Ibid.
complete the data. There are two components that the researcher always to concern about. Ary et al. propose that:
They have two components: 1 the descriptive part, which includes a complete description of the setting, the people and their reactions and
interpersonal relationships, and accounts of events who, when, and what was done; and 2 the reflective part, which includes the observer’s personal
feelings or impressions about the events, comments on the research method, decisions and problems, records of ethical issues, and speculations about data
analysis. Field notes may include photographs and audio and video recordings.
7
Therefore the researcher collected data as detail as possible during and after the observation. She collected photographs when it seemed necessary to picture
the moment in the classroom as well. Ary et al. add that: The researcher’s field notes present the data that will later be analyzed to
provide an understanding of the research setting and the behavior of people within that setting. It can be said that the successful outcome of the study
relies on detailed, accurate, and extensive field notes. Record everything you see, hear, or experience during the observation session.
8
Field note is very useful to write everything happens during observation or interview since to write eases the researcher to recall the data than to memorize it.
This technique is concerned on what participants do as routines and become recognition that what become routine is established by watching and listening to
what people do rather than asking them directly.
9
4. Documentation
In gathering the data, the researcher collected several written stuffs like booksmodule used in teaching and learning process, handouts, photos, diaries,
and any other documents related to the topic discussed. Ary et al. suggest that: Qualitative researchers may use written documents or other artifacts to gain
an understanding of the phenomenon under study. The term document here refers to a wide range of written, physical, and visual materials, including
what other authors may term artifacts. Documents may be personal, such as
7
Ibid., p. 435.
8
Ibid.
9
David Silverman, Amir Marvasti, Doing Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Guide, California: Sage, 2008, pp. 216
—217.
