autobiographies, diaries, and letters; official, such as files, reports, memoranda, or minutes; or documents of popular culture, such as books,
films, and videos.
10
For instance, the researcher made researcher-directed diary during the period of the research in specified period of time when conducting the study in Pare. The
researcher collected the letters given by the students for the speaking teacher and speaking matters file as well which can be used to analyze, to interpret, and draw
the conclusion.
5. Instrument of the Research
The primary instrument of the study was the researcher herself. As Ary et al. confirm “In qualitative studies, the human investigator is the primary instrument
for the gathering and analyzing of data.”
11
However, she used checklist form of teacher observation guide as well. The researcher can focus to monitor the
teaching and learning process conducted using checklist form of teacher
observation guide as the instrument. Table 3.1
TEACHER OBSERVATION GUIDE Variable
Aspect Indicator
Items Number
Total
Teaching Speaking
Preparation
- Arranging Learning -Teaching Process
1, 2 2
- Learning Preparation 3, 4, 5
3
Presentation
- Explanation of the material 6
1 - Using of instruments and media
7, 8 2
- Involving students individually 9
1 - Student interaction
10 1
- Organizing of the class 11, 12, 13
3 - Using of method
14, 15, 6,17 4
10
Ary et al., op. cit., p. 424.
11
Ibid., p. 442.
- The intensity of using English in the Learning
-Teaching process 18, 19
2
Evaluation
- Oral Test 20
1 - Affective
21 1
- Individual work 22
1 - Group work
23 1
Total items 23
Adapted from Euis Uswatun Hasanah
12
E. Data Analyzes Technique
The researcher involves several steps which are considered to be necessary to conduct in analyzing the data which have been gathered during data collection.
Based on Ary et al. state “In different texts, the approaches to analysis of
qualitative data vary slightly, but we believe they can be described in three stages as noted in Table 17.1: 1 organizing and familiarizing, 2 coding and reducing,
and 3 interpreting and representing. ”
13
Therefore, in a simple ways, the researcher employed the stages to analyze the date gathered from the data
collected. The researcher familiarized data collected such as transcription, field notes, and documentation by rereading and listening to them in order to capture
the thoughts, feeling, and opinion as they occur. Afterwards, she organized those data by making several lists of data sources in some ways such as from
observation, from interview, from places, or from people. As Ary et al. state “The
major task of organizing the large body of information begins after familiarization. Start with creating a complete list of data sources. Files can be
12
Euis Uswatun Hasanah, “Teaching Speaking Skill Using Active Learning Method A Case
Study at the Seventh Year of SMP SMART Akselerasi Ekselensia Indonesia-Bogor .” Skripsi at
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic Unniversity Jakarta, Jakarta, 2007, unpublished. p. 42.
13
Ibid.
