True Experiment
Quasi- Experiment
Factorial Time
Series Repeated
Measures Single
Subject Number of times
the dependent variable
observed?
Once Once
Once After each
interventi on
After each intervention
Multiple points
Controls typically used?
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Group becomes
its own control
Covariates Individuals
become their own
control
C. Population and Sample
The population of this study was the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 9 Kota Tangerang Selatan. The total of class X was ten classes which were divided
into five sciences and five social. Each class consisted of 37 students. The sampling technique used was sample random sampling to choose experimental
and controlled class based on the same characteristic because there were so many classes could be the participant, so two classes were chosen randomly. The classes
for the sample were X MIPA 1 as the experimental class and X MIPA 5 as the controlled class. Therefore, the total of students as the sample in this research was
74 students. D.
Research Instrument
The instrument the writer used was test in form of imperative sentence “Write
about your memorable moment in your life, minimum 3 paragraphs”. The
requirements students should have in writing by using picture were:
a. Students should have minimum 3 paragraph as recount generic structure orientation, event, reorientation,
b. Students should pay attention to the cohesive, unity, and clarity in their writing.
E. Technique of Data Collection
In collecting the data, the writer used writing test. The students should make recount writing by using their own picture, which is a photograph of their own
activity, and should pay attention to the cohesive, unity, and clarity in their writing.
The steps the writer conducted were as follows: 1.
Chose control class and experimental class based on the English teacher’s recommendation.
2. Gave pre-test to both classes to write their memorable moment in 3 paragraphs for minimum.
3. Taught to both classes about recount text. Gave treatment for experimental class and no treatment for control class. Experimental class was taught to
write recount by using pictures. First, the picture was given by the writer. N
ext, the picture was their own photo students’ photo. 4. Gave post-test to both classes to write their memorable moment in 3
paragraphs for minimum. 5. The writer calculated and compared the scores from pre-test and post-test to
find the effectiveness of usi ng pictures on students’ writing of recount text.
In calculating the scores, the scoring would be used was rating scale by Weigle which can be seen in appendix 1.
2
F. Technique of Data Analysis
In calculating the data, the writer used t-test formula. The two classes are compared to the independent variable, the experiment class is X variable and the
control class is Y variable. T-test formula is as follow:
Where: = Mean of Variable X
= Mean of Variable Y = Standard Error
2
Sara C. Weigle, Assessing Writing, Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 116.
