CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time
This research was held at SMAN 9 Kota Tangerang Selatan for students at the tenth grade during the first semester starting from August 18
– September 9 2015.
B. Research Design
This research is categorized as quantitative research with experimental study. The design of this study is a quasi-experimental research to know the
effectiveness of using pictures on students’ writing of recount text. The independent variable in this study is picture while the dependent variable is
writing recount text. In this research, pre-test and post-test were used for both experimental class
and controlled class. The experimental class received treatment which was using pictures in their recount writing while the controlled class did not receive the
treatment. The effectiveness in recount writing improvement would be seen from the post-test score in experimental class. Below is the explanation of experimental
design by Cresswell.
1
Table 3.1 Types of Experimental Designs
True Experiment
Quasi- Experiment
Factorial Time
Series Repeated
Measures Single
Subject Random
assignment?
yes no
may be used
no no
no
Number of groups
compared?
Two or more
Two or more
Two or more
One group One group
One individual
studied at a time
Number of intervention
used?
One or more intervention
s One or more
intervention s
Two or more
interventi ons
One or more
interventi ons
Two or more interventions
One or more
intervention s
1
John W. Creswell, Educational Research: 4th edition, Boston:Pearson Education Inc., 2012, p. 307.
True Experiment
Quasi- Experiment
Factorial Time
Series Repeated
Measures Single
Subject Number of times
the dependent variable
observed?
Once Once
Once After each
interventi on
After each intervention
Multiple points
Controls typically used?
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Pre-test, matching,
blocking, covariates
Group becomes
its own control
Covariates Individuals
become their own
control
C. Population and Sample
The population of this study was the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 9 Kota Tangerang Selatan. The total of class X was ten classes which were divided
into five sciences and five social. Each class consisted of 37 students. The sampling technique used was sample random sampling to choose experimental
and controlled class based on the same characteristic because there were so many classes could be the participant, so two classes were chosen randomly. The classes
for the sample were X MIPA 1 as the experimental class and X MIPA 5 as the controlled class. Therefore, the total of students as the sample in this research was
74 students. D.
Research Instrument
The instrument the writer used was test in form of imperative sentence “Write
about your memorable moment in your life, minimum 3 paragraphs”. The
requirements students should have in writing by using picture were:
a. Students should have minimum 3 paragraph as recount generic structure orientation, event, reorientation,
b. Students should pay attention to the cohesive, unity, and clarity in their writing.
E. Technique of Data Collection
In collecting the data, the writer used writing test. The students should make recount writing by using their own picture, which is a photograph of their own
activity, and should pay attention to the cohesive, unity, and clarity in their writing.