Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study

Stages of writing stated by Laidlaw Brothers 11 :

a. Prewriting

First of all, in order to make writing easier and organized, someone needs to take this stage, which is prewriting, also known as idea-generating stage. In morphology the prefix pre- means ‘before’, therefore prewriting is an activity we should do before take writing. It is a process in collecting idea that may include experience or something someone has ever been as bases or sources of their writing. It is free flowing and spontaneous. 12 Writers may take a note or a journal about idea and everything they want to write. In prewriting stage, one thing might be added to make their writing is recording impressions. It means that sources of writing come from people including the writer itself, places, objects, events, situations and ideas. The writer can use their journal to discover, capture and preserve for later use. 13

b. Organizing

After writer has done with the first stage, the next is organizing. It means that writer generates ideas which one will be included or discovered for their writing. 14 In this step, writer should be aware of the purpose for writing. Bring it for writing into sharp focus and identifying the audience.

c. Writing

In the next step of writing, which is writing itself, writer gathers all pieces of the ideas and information then creates meaningful and satisfying writing. 15 This process is “the real writing” because writer should gather all of the ideas heshe gets then creates the important and meaningful point for their writing.

d. Revising

The last step, revising, writer should be the reader position. The writer should evaluate hisher writing – it is better and easier waiting for the next day after writing, from the reader’s point of view. It is to find out how what the writer has 11 Ibid., p. 17. 12 Ibid., p. 17. 13 Ibid., p. 19. 14 Ibid., p. 25. 15 Ibid., p. 30. written will strike the readers. 16 This process is important to be done because writer should look from both two sides – as the writer itself and as the reader. While Binder and Lopez-Nerney stated there are three stages of writing – planning, writing and finalizing which are divided into some parts in each stage. Planning is divided into four steps – formulating a question, determining purpose and audiences, generating ideas and organizingoutlining. Writing is divided into drafting and revising, and the last stage, finalizing, is divided into editing and formatting and documenting. 17

a. Planning

1. Formulating a question Generally, writing is an extended response to a question, so the writer should give wide information. It can be said that planning is a process which basically begins with a question. Instead, a topic may be set as “a question” for writers to be formulated into their writing. 18 2. Determining Purpose and Audience After the planning has been arranged, writer should take some time to understand purpose and readers of hisher writing. Therefore, before writers write something in a piece of paper, they should consider two things – purpose and audience. To consider the purpose of writing, it is necessary to know why someone is writing, so heshe can choose appropriate information, language and style. Some examples of why people write are to inform, to express an opinion, to convince, to argue, to entertain, etc. If writers have identified the purpose, it will help them how to present their idea. Besides the reason to know why someone writes, it is good to know for himher who they are writing for. It is essential to remember that writers are always writing for specific readers because it helps to decide the suitability of the 16 Ibid., p. 35. 17 Carol A. Binder and Susan Lopez-Nerney, Writing in Process: Second Edition, Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, p. 6. 18 Ibid., p. 6.