Techniques of Translating Proper Name

6. Deletion

This procedure is a drastic way of dealing with lexical items, but even so it has been often used by translators. Deletion (ø) as a translation procedure involves removing a source-text name or part of it in the target text. It usually occurs when such names are apparently of little importance to the development of the narrative, and are not relevant enough for the effort of comprehension required for their readers.

Example:

ST: …, but Mom said I had to finish my Christmas thank-yous before I went

out anywhere. (p. 137)

TT: …, tetapi Mom bilang aku harus menyelesaikan semua kartu ucapan

terima kasih sebelum aku pergi ke mana pun. (p. 136) From the example above, we know that the translator applies deletion technique because he omits the word in TT. One can see that there is the other proper noun

which is name of event ―Christmas‖ in the ST. The phrase ―my Christmas thank- yous‖ that should translate into TT as semua kartu ucapan terima kasih Natal is

translated the phrase into semua kartu ucapan terima kasih. The translator deleted that the word ―Natal‖ in TL because there is little importance to the story‘s plot translated the phrase into semua kartu ucapan terima kasih. The translator deleted that the word ―Natal‖ in TL because there is little importance to the story‘s plot

7. Addition

This procedure is the one in which extra information is added to the original name, making it more comprehensible or perhaps more appealing to its target audience. Sometimes it is used to solve ambiguities that might exist in the translation of a particular name.

Example:

ST: …, and that he‘s suspended from Patrols for a week. (p 181) TT: …, dan dia dibebas-tugaskan dari tim Pengawas selama seminggu. In the example above, Patrols is translated into tim Pengawas. The word tim is added for the structural acceptability in the TT.

8. Transposition

This procedure is defined as the replacement of one word class with another without changing the meaning of the original message. For Chesterman (1997), this procedure also involves structural changes, but it is often useful to isolate the word- class change as being of interest in itself.‖

Example:

ST: …, but if I can get voted as a Class Favorite, I‘ll go out on a high note. TT: …, tapi jika aku bisa sampai terpilih sebagai Favorit di Kelas, aku akan

mendapatkan reputasi baik.

In example above, there is a replacement of word class of ‗a Class Favorite‘ which s translated into ‗Favorit di Kelas’. In SL it includes into noun, but in its translation it becomes an adjective for the word ‗Favorit‘ and noun for the word ‗Kelas‘. Meanwhile ‗di‘ (TT) itself is kind of preposition which is similar with the word ‗in‘ (SL).

9. Phonological Replacement

This is a procedure in which a TT name attempts to mimic phonological features of a ST name by replacing the latter with an existing name in the target language which somehow invokes the sound image of the SL name being replaced. The latter involves adaptation of a SL name to the phonology/morphology of a target language while the former involves the replacement of a SL name with a TL name which is phonemically/ graphologically analogous to it. This technique is detected especially in the translations of the Harry Potter series. The proper name Jim McGuffin is translated into Jorge Mendes or Myrtle is translated into Murta in Brazilian Portuguese as TT. These examples show that names apparently unmotivated were replaced with names that have a similar orthography and phonology.

10. Conventionality

This procedure occurs when a TL name is conventionally accepted as the translation of a particular SL name. It is commonly used with names of historical/ literary figures and geographical locations.

For example the proper name Archimedes in ―Artemis Fowl‖ as SL is translated into Arquimedes in Brazilian version as TT. It shows that a historical and a geographical name in the source texts (i.e. Archimedes) were replaced with conventionalized forms in the target culture, namely Arquimedes.

From the concepts above, we find various techniques used by the translator in translating proper names. It is important to say that combinations among all the procedure above are possible, as names can be rendered, copied, transcriber, or substituted and deleted.