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The Definition of CIRC

23 their reports and gather suggestions from other students to modify their reports as needed.

2.2.3 CIRC Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition

Citing Steven and Slavin 1986:12, Muhammad Nur 2005 states integrated reading and composition including one of cooperative learning model which was originally a unified cooperative teaching reading and writing is a comprehensive program or a spacious and fully equipped for the teaching of reading and writing classes high school.

2.2.3.1. The Definition of CIRC

According to Durukan 2011:103 citing from Açıkgöz, 1992; Yaman, 1999 cooperative integrated reading and composition CIRC technique, one of the learning techniques based on cooperation, is designed to develop reading, writing and other language skills in the upper grades of primary education. CIRC technique presents a structure that increases not only opportunities for direct teaching in reading and writing but also applicability of composition writing techniques. Citing Senemoğlu, 1997; Slavin, 1980, Durukan 2011: 103 stated that CIRC technique is developed to support traditionally used “skill-based reading groups” approach. Firstly, reading groups are established in the classroom. Next, students are paired off within the groups. When the teacher works with a reading group, couples try to teach each other meaningful reading and writing skills by using reciprocal learning technique. They help each other in performing basic skill- 24 building activities such as oral reading, contextual guessing, asking questions, summarizing, writing a composition based on the story, revising-correcting composition. In general, team books are published at the end of this process. Teams are rewarded for all reading and writing assignments on the basis of the average performance of group members. Thus, equal change for achievement, group support for achievement, and the performance, all basic components of cooperative learning ensure realization of personal responsibility. Nurul Inayah 2007 stated that in CIRC technique students are grouped into heterogeneous small groups consisting of four or five students each group. In these groups students are not divided based on their sex, race, and also their intelligent level. Every group must consist of students with different intelligent level and sex. By using this cooperative learning students are hoped to improve the way they think, improve their creativity and also their social emotion. In this study, the definition from Açıkgöz 1992 and Yaman 1999 as cited by Durukan 2011:103 is used. It stated that CIRC technique presents a structure that increases not only opportunities for direct teaching in reading and writing but also applicability of composition writing techniques.

2.2.3.2. Components of CIRC

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