40 This design as can be seen from the diagram also gives the treatment X2 for the
control group. The treatment in this design is given for the two groups; X1 is the treatment for the experimental group that is CIRC, while X2 is the treatment for
the control group that is JIGSAW.
3.2 Research Object
This study is conducted in SMA N 1 Pegandon in the academic year of 20142015. The population and sample of this study are discussed as follows:
3.2.1 Population of Study
Best 1998 stated that population is a complete set of individuals or subject having common observable characteristics. That can be called as the particular
type of individuals or the groups. Citing Tuckman 1978 from Saleh 2001:227, Rahmawati 2010 said that
population is the group about which the researcher is interested in gaining information and drawing conclusions. The population is all individuals in the
group that the researcher wants to observe and become the object of the research. Meanwhile, according to Rahmawati 2010 citing from Santoso and Tjiptono
2002:79 population is a group of people or objects that have similarities in one or a few things and that can make the main problems in a particular research.
Population is the group of people that have the same thing that can be observed and can be concluded together. Population to be studied should be clearly defined
before the study was conducted.
41 The definition of population of study from Santoso and Tjiptono 2002:79 as
cited by Rahmawati 2010 is used. It stated that population is a group of people that have similarities in one or a few things and make the main problems in a
particular research. In this study, the researcher is interested in finding out which is more effective
between CIRC and Jigsaw to teach reading materials especially recount text for the 11
th
grader students of SMA N 1 Pegandon in Academic Year of 20142015. Thus, the population of this study is 11
th
grader students of SMA N 1 Pegandon in Academic Year of 20142015.
3.2.2 Sample of the Study
After defining the population, the researcher must determine the sample of this study in reference to the population. According to Sugiyono 2010:118 sample is
a representative of number and characteristics of the population. Any information and conclusion which is drawn form the sample have to be representative to the
population. In determining the sample, there are several sampling techniques which can be
applied. Techniques in determining the sample according to Sugiyono 2010:119 are as follows:
Table 3.1 Sampling techniques adapted from Sugiyono 2010:119 Probability sampling
Nonprobability sampling
1.
Simple random sampling
2. Proportionate
stratified random
sampling
3. Disproportionate stratified random
1. Systematic sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Accidental sampling
4. Purposive sampling
42
sampling
4.
Cluster sampling
5. Total
population sampling
6. Snowball sampling
Best 1998 stated that sample is a small proportion selected for observation and analysis. By observing the characteristics of the sample, the researcher can make
certain inference about the characteristics of the population is drawn. Sample is the small part or proportion of the population that has been drawn. Sample can
become the representative of the population because it is impossible to observe all the population, so the researcher takes the small part as the representative to be
observed. Citing Saleh 2001: 33, Rahmawati 2010 states that a sample is a group of
people, things, or where the data are obtained. In order to do the research, the researcher should not take the data from all individuals in the population.
However, the researcher can take the data from the sample that is the small part that represents the whole population.
In this study, the researcher uses probability sampling from Sugiyono 2010:119 in determining the sample. Probability sampling is a sampling method which
provides equal chance for each member of the population to be selected as sample. The advantage of probability sampling is that it guarantees that the
selection process is completely randomized and without bias.. The samples of this study are the students in XI MIA 1 class and XI MIA 2 class of SMA N 2
Pegandon.
43
3.3 Research Variables
