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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is a review of related literature. It consists of three sub-chapters; they are 1 previous studies, 2 theoretical review, and 3 framework of the analysis.
2.1 Previous Studies
In order to avoid the repetition of the same studies or research which studied the same problem with this research, there are several studies which are mentioned
and explained in this chapter. Those are:
2.1.1 The Use of CIRC Method to Improve Students’ Ability in Composing
Narrative Writing
Himawati 2011 conducted the research “The Use of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC Me
thod to Improve Students’ Ability in Composing Narrative Writing A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade
Students of MTs Negeri Kudus in the Academic Year of 20102011 ” The
objective of this study is to investigate the students’ Ability in writing a narrative
text, to apply CIRC in teaching learning activity to improve students’ from aspect:
Content, Organization, Vocabulary, grammar, and mechanic. In conducting this study, the researcher collected data from students of 8th grade,
MTs Negeri Kudus in the academic year 20102011. The method of data collection used here were observation, and test. The data were obtained by
employing test, and observation. The test used to measure students’ proficiency in
9 writing narrative text. Mean while, the observation was administered to know the
students’ engagement during the teaching. This research was done in four phases; pre-test and the teaching learning activity
by using CIRC which was done in the three cycles. In the pre test, the mean of the students’ achievement was 35.8, the mean of students’ test result in the first cycle
was 54, 25, the mean of students’ test result in the second cycle was 76,3, and the
mean of students’ test result in the third cycle was 80,6. So that, there is an
improvement before and after the students get the teaching and learning activity by using CIRC. The Students improve their ability composing narrative text
efficiently and effectively by using CIRC.
2.1.2 Improving the Teaching and Learning of Reading and Writing in
English through CIRC
Asni 2012 conducted the research “Improving the Teaching and Learning of
Reading and Writing in English through Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC At Grade VII B Of Mts Yapi Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta
”. The objective fo this research is to improve the teaching and learning process of
reading and writing in English through Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC at grade VIII B of MTs YAPI Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta
in the Academic Year of 20112012. The research was conducted collaboratively among the research team members;
the researcher, the English teacher, and the students. There were two cycles in this research. In each cycle, there were steps of identifying field problems and actions-
the steps of planning, implementing, evaluating, and reflecting the actions. The
10 data of the research were qualitative and were supported by the quantitative data.
The data were collected through observation, interview, and test. The result of the study shows that there are improvement
s in the students’ involvement, motivation, reading and writing abilities, and the teaching and
learning process of reading and writing. It is shown by the active involvement and enthusiasm of students in doing the reading and writing activities. In both cycles,
they showed some improvements in physical, mental, and social involvement. Students’ reading and writing abilities also enhanced. It was shown by the average
score in Cycle 1 was 73.74, and in Cycle 2 was 74.71. In writing, stu dents’
average score in Cycle 1 was 75.81 and in Cycle 2 was 77.02. Related to the teaching-learning process of reading and writing, the improvement was shown by
the teacher who had given students a lot of opportunities to be active, taught some reading and writing strategies, applied
various activities in reading and writing class, and provided motivating materials. Finally, it can be concluded that CIRC activities that have been implemented in
this research have improved the teaching and learning process of reading and writing.
2.1.3 The Reading Comprehension in Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade
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