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CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY
This chapter is a method of the study. It consists of seven sub-chapters; they are 1 research design, 2 research object, 3 research variables, 4 hypothesis, 5
research instruments, 6 method of collecting data, and 7 method of analyzing data.
3.1 Research Design
The term research design refers to how a researcher puts a research study together to answer a question or a set of questions. Research design works as a
systematic plan outlining the study, the researchers methods of compilation, details on how the study will arrive at its conclusions and the limitations of the
research Kenneth W. Michael Wills: 1999. Research design is the way or the method researchers gain or collect the data and analyze the data. Data that has
been collected by using particular instrument and method of collecting data are analyzed deeply by using method of analyzing the data.
A research design is a set of advance decisions that make up the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed
information Amy Dyslex: 2011. Research design is the guidance or the list of the plan that is used by the researcher to collect and analyze all information that is
needed to conduct the research. It is the guidance for the researcher to gain all
38 information that will be used to do research and make the researcher easy to
analyze it effectively. This
study is a quantitative research which belongs to “True Experimental Design”. Citing Tuckman 1978:130, Saleh 2013 explained about the true
experimental design as follows: There are some designs that can be called true experimental design because they
provide completely adequate controls for all sources of internal validity. They represent no compromise between experimental design requirements and the
nature and reality of the situation in which a study is being undertaken.
This study uses “Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design” as the research design. The pretest-posttest control group design is a research design which utilizes two
groups in research; they are experimental group and control group. Both groups are given pretest and posttest, however only experimental group receives a
treatment X. This research design controls many threats to validity or sources of bias. Citing
Tuckman 1978:132, Saleh 2013 stated by utilization of a control group, which has all the same experiences as the experimental group other than the experience
of the treatment itself, this design controls for history, maturation, and regression. Below is the diagram of pretest-posttest control group design:
39 E
O
1
X O
2
C O
3
O
4
E : Experimental group C : Control group
O
1
: experimental group pretest O
2
: experimental group posttest O
3
: control group posttest O
4
: control group posttest X : treatment
Figure 3.1 Diagram of pretest-posttest control group design
As can be seen from the diagram, two groups are employed in this design; one group, the experimental group, receives a treatment X while the second group,
does not. Both groups are given a pretest and a posttest. Because this study is a comparison study, which has the purpose to compare
which is more effective to teach recount text between CIRC and JIGSAW, the design will be modified as can be seen on the diagram below.
E O
1
X
1
O
2
C O
3
X
2
O
4
E : Experimental group C : Control group
O
1
: experimental group pretest O
2
: experimental group posttest O
3
: control group posttest O
4
: control group posttest X1 : Treatment CIRC
X2: Treatment JIGSAW
Figure 3.2 Diagram of pretest-posttest control group design with two treatments
40 This design as can be seen from the diagram also gives the treatment X2 for the
control group. The treatment in this design is given for the two groups; X1 is the treatment for the experimental group that is CIRC, while X2 is the treatment for
the control group that is JIGSAW.
3.2 Research Object
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