Verbal processes Relational processes

The clause may also contain both Senser and Phenomenon, such as: Mark likes new clothes Senser Mental : Affect Phenomenon

d. Verbal processes

Verbal processes are processes of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signalling. The process of a ‘verbal’ clause is realized by a verbal group where the lexical verb is one of saying Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 254. There are three other Participants that may be incumbent upon Verbal Processes: Receiver is the one to whom the verbalisation is addressed, Target is the one acted upon verbally insulted, complimented, etc, and RangeVerbiage is a name for the verbalisation itself. John told Jenny a rude joke Sayer Verbal Receiver Verbiage Keating slurred Howard Sayer Verbal Target Universitas Sumatera Utara Examples of verbal processes are listed below. TYPE Examples of verbs activity Targeting praise, insult, abuse, slander, flatter, blame, criticize, chide talking speak, talk Semiosis neutral quoting say, tell; go, be like Indicating tell sb that, report, announce, notify, explain, argue, convince that, persuade sb that, promise that ask sb whether, question, enquire whether Imperating tell sb to do, ask sb to do, order, command, require, promise, threaten, persuade sb to do, convince sb to do, entreat, implore, beg Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 255

e. Relational processes

Relational processes involve states of being including having. Relational clauses serve to characterize and to identify Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 210. They can be classified according to whether they are being used to identify something, quality to something. Processes which establish an identify are called Identifying Process and processes which assign a quality are called Attributive Processes. Each has its own characteristic participant roles. In Attributives there are Carrier and Attribute. Barry Tuckwell is a fine horn player Carrier Attributive Attribute Universitas Sumatera Utara In Identifying Processes the participant roles are token and value. Barry Tuckwell may be the finest living horn player. Token Identifying Value Relational Processes can be further sub-classified according to whether they are: intensive, possessive or circumstantial. Intensive Possessive Circumstantial Circumstance as Attribute Circumstance as Process Paul Keating is arrogant. Paul Keating has dark hair. The yolk is in the centre. Albumen surrounds the yolk. Listed here are some of the more common Relational Process: Atributive Identifying Be become go Get turn grow Keep stay remain Look appear seem Smell taste feel Sound end up turn out Last weigh concern Cost has belong to Need require be become equal add up to play act as call mean define represent spell express form give constitute imply stand for symbolise realise indicate signify betoken take up span resemble occupy own include involve contain comprise provide cause Gerot Wignell, 2001 : 71.

f. Existential processes