The clause may also contain both Senser and Phenomenon, such as: Mark
likes new clothes
Senser Mental : Affect
Phenomenon
d. Verbal processes
Verbal processes are processes of saying, or more accurately, of symbolically signalling. The process of a ‘verbal’ clause is realized by a verbal group where the
lexical verb is one of saying Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 254. There are three other Participants that may be incumbent upon Verbal Processes: Receiver is the one
to whom the verbalisation is addressed, Target is the one acted upon verbally insulted, complimented, etc, and RangeVerbiage is a name for the verbalisation
itself. John
told Jenny
a rude joke Sayer
Verbal Receiver
Verbiage Keating
slurred Howard
Sayer Verbal
Target
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Examples of verbal processes are listed below.
TYPE Examples of verbs
activity Targeting
praise, insult, abuse, slander, flatter, blame, criticize, chide
talking speak, talk
Semiosis neutral
quoting say, tell; go, be like
Indicating tell sb that, report, announce,
notify, explain, argue, convince that, persuade
sb that, promise that ask sb whether, question, enquire
whether
Imperating tell sb to do, ask sb to do, order,
command, require, promise, threaten, persuade
sb to do, convince sb to do, entreat, implore, beg
Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 255
e. Relational processes
Relational processes involve states of being including having. Relational
clauses serve to characterize and to identify Halliday Matthiessen, 2004 : 210.
They can be classified according to whether they are being used to identify
something, quality to something. Processes which establish an identify are called
Identifying Process and processes which assign a quality are called Attributive Processes. Each has its own characteristic participant roles. In Attributives there are
Carrier and Attribute.
Barry Tuckwell is
a fine horn player Carrier
Attributive Attribute
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In Identifying Processes the participant roles are token and value. Barry Tuckwell
may be the finest living horn player.
Token Identifying
Value Relational Processes can be further sub-classified according to whether they are:
intensive, possessive or circumstantial. Intensive
Possessive Circumstantial
Circumstance as Attribute Circumstance as Process
Paul Keating is arrogant. Paul Keating has dark hair.
The yolk is in the centre. Albumen surrounds the yolk.
Listed here are some of the more common Relational Process: Atributive
Identifying Be
become go
Get turn
grow Keep stay
remain Look appear
seem Smell taste
feel Sound end up
turn out Last
weigh concern
Cost has belong to
Need require be
become equal
add up to play
act as call
mean define
represent spell
express form
give constitute
imply stand for
symbolise realise
indicate signify
betoken take up
span resemble
occupy own
include involve
contain comprise
provide cause
Gerot Wignell, 2001 : 71.
f. Existential processes