32
Field notes in written information were taken by teacher or researcher during the classroom activity. It is used to know the information about students’
behavior during teaching and learning process. The purpose of taking field notes is to make a written document about the situation of the classroom where action
research is conducted. Pronunciation record is an audiotape file recording students’ pronunciation
that was done in pre test and post test. By taking pronunciation record on an audiotape, accuracy and details of the data are expected.
Interview was done to know some information about students’ understanding about the learning method given.
3.5. Instruments of the Study
Instruments are used in this research to collect data. In this research, the writer used some instruments such as pre test, post test, rating scale for the pre test
and post test, interview sheet, and field notes
3.5.1 Pre Test
In this research, the writer did the pre test by recording students’ pronunciation. The form of pre test was a list of 30 expressions consisting of
expressions of thanking, expressions of complimenting and expressions of congratulating. The students then were asked to pronounce all the expressions.
33
3.5.2 Post Test
The form of post test in this research was the same as pre test, which was 30 items of expression to be pronounced by the students.
3.5.3 Rating Scale
The writer will give some assessments to the students in order to get the data. The assessments were scored by using rating scale. This rating scale is
modified from oral-english rating sheet by Heaton 1974: 84.
Table 3. A Modification Rating Scale modified from Oral-English Rating Sheet by J. B. Heaton
level Indicators
5 Has few traces of foreign accent
4 Always intelligible though one is conscious of a definite accent
3 Pronunciation problems necessitate concentrated listening
occasionally led to misunderstanding 2
Very hard to understand because of pronunciation problems. Most frequently be asked to repeat
1 Pronunciation problems so severe as to make speech virtually
unintelligible
3.5.2. Interview Sheet
One of the instruments will be used in this final project is interview. It means that “a test administrator and a test-taker sit down in a direct face-to-face
34
exchange and proceed through a protocol of questions and directives” Brown, 2004: 167. The writer used it at the end of the research so he could know the
students’ achievement of improving pronunciation quality. This kind of instrument can only be applied to few people, not all sample will take part in this
interview. There were some questions given by researcher, the questions were related
to the material and the method of learning given, students’ difficulties and students’ opinion about the method. The result of the interview is used to describe
the data about the students’ problem, difficulties, understanding and responses about the material and the method.
3.5.4 Field Notes Observation Sheet
