1. Pronunciation including the segmental features vowels and consonants
the stress and intonation patterns 2.
Grammar 3.
Vocabulary, 4.
Fluency the case and speed of the flow speaking 5.
Comprehension
4.1 Discussion
All discussions involve talk in good quality. Discussion has several distinctive features. If a discussion is regarded as a useful learning experience, it
should be involved a minimum of argument, persuasion, and propaganda. It should be purposeful, systematic exchange of ideas, facts, and opinions. The
participant should concentrate on helping each other to reach a better understanding of the issue involved, rather than trying to convince each other that
personal view is somehow the correct view. Koch 2004: 1159 says that “no matter which form of discussion you are involved in, be yourself”. Speak in a
conversational manner with which you feel comfortable. If you try to change your way of speaking, you are liable to sound stilted and unnatural.
Brown 1983:130 says that “discussion should involve in objective, informed and reflective thinking”. Objective thinkers realize that the subject being
discussed has many aspect and they are, therefore ore oared to present ideas and to listen to the ideas of orders. Objective thinkers examine the substance and logic of
the ideas put forward by others and they are able to use logic in their own
Universitas Sumatera Utara
reasoning. The situation of speaking of this kind is a formal one. The participant can not use their own style or nasty words during the process of speaking, because
they will not reach the aim of the speaking.
4.2 Dialogue
Richards 1985:110 explains that” in dialogue there could be one person to a person individually or one person to more than one person”. It is impossible
to have a dialogue among many people involved, because no body would listen at the same time the others are speaking. A dialogue is almost the same as
discussion. If there is to be a useful learning experience, it should involve a minimum of argument, persuasion, and propaganda. In a dialogue, the situation ca
happen either in informal or formal ones. The style that they use can be varied. But the most important thing in the dialogue is a good interactive communication
among the participants that the aim of the dialogue could be reached. Brown 1983:130 explains that “dialogue could be an exchange of ideas,
experiences, facts and etc, but dialogue can have varieties and unlimited topics that the participant chooses in their speaking content”. In the dialogue s, the topics
that they present are varied; it can be up to date, the past or even the future event that they consider as an important topic to be talked about.
Koch 2004: 162 states “A dialogue is an interchange and discussion of ideas between two people. It is highly successful when both participants know
their subjects well. The dialogue can be a useful classroom exercise. It is an excellent means of communicating information. For best results, the dialogue
Universitas Sumatera Utara
should be carefully planned so that both participants know where the discussion is heading.
4.3 Interview
