7. WF : Word Form : 15 x 100
= 4.44 340
8. Sp : Spelling : 11 x 100
= 3.23 340
9. P : Punctuation
: 27 x 100 = 7.94
340 10.Cap: Capitalization
: 15 x 100 = 4.41
340 11. Art: Article
: 12 x 100 = 3.52
340
From the data above the writer can get a description concerning to the students achievements in the test. There were Singular-plural 25.58, verb
tense1.17, diction3.52, addition 12.92, ommision 5, word order 28.10, word form 4.44, spelling 3.23, punctuation 7.94, capitalization4.41,
article 3.52. The writer analyze the whole data, the highest errors is made word order
95 errors or 25.58, and the lowest is verb 4 errors or 1.17 .
B. The Analysis of Data
From the data collected, the writer found eleven types errors of the writing. The focus of error will be analyzed, as following criteria
a. Singular – Plural
Some students made mistake in using singular and plural noun. They didn`t use the plural form for the plural nouns, it made in default of the words
that come after expression of quantity. The singular form can be edified by putting “ a “ or “ an” before a noun. While the plural form can be indentified
by the addition of “s” or “es” in the end of a noun. In this case the students didn`t use singular
– plural is 25.58 . b. Verb Tense
Tense is a form taken by a verb to indicated the time at which the action or stated is view as occurring.
1
Some of students made mistake in using tense, they were confused in using tenses in their writing. Verb tense is the verb used
indicated the time at which the action or statement is occurs. It caused by their lack of grammar understanding or their carelessness. In this case the students
who didn`t use the right tenses are 1.17 c. Diction
Diction or word choice is choosing the right word in a sentence. Sometimes one word has same meaning but has different usage in the sentence.
For example pale and pail look same spelling but there are different. pale is an adjective and pail is a noun, they are used different way. Other problem
word that sound the same or almost the same but have different meaning, for example quiet and quite. Some students made mistakes in diction because they
choose the wrong words which has un appropriate meaning with the sentence. The result is that a sentence is unclear or the students fail to express what they
mean carelessness. In this case the students didn`t choose the right word are 3.52 .
d. Addition When the writer analyzed the students` writing she found the students miss
several words in their writing. Since , she should add some words to complete their writing, “Name cat Pusy,” it should be ” The cat`s name is Pusy”. In this
case the students miss several word in their writing are 12.92.
1
Sylvia Chaker, Edmund Weiner, The Oxford dictionary of English Grammar, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 324
e. Omissions Omission errors are characteristic by absence of an item that must appear
in a well-formed utterance. Sometimes, the students in their writing added some useless words in a sentence that had better be omitted. For example , it`s
smart pet cat. It is better if the word “pet” is omitted. In this case the students added some useless word in a sentence are 5.
f. Word order The term word order is used to the order elements in the clause, the
elements which are to the order elements in the clause, the elements which are of course often realized by phrases or clauses are rather than just one word:
subject, verb, object, predicative, and adverbial.
2
It is known that Indonesian wrd order and English word order is
different .For example, “she has eyes two”, it should be ,”she has two eyes” .In this case the students difficulties in
used word order are 28.10. g. Word form
The term word order is often used refer to the order of the elements in the clause, element which are, of course, often each realizes by phrases or clauses
rather than just one word: subject, verb, object, predicate and adverbials.
3
Indonesian word form is different from English word form. They often over generalize the form words. Some students made errors in using the
word form in their composition. For instance, they misuse a word when the sentence is followed by modal auxiliary, or the verb form using inappropriate
words in a sentence like adjective and adverb form. In this case the students difficulties in using word form are 4.44.
2
Douglas Bibe, Stig Johnson et.al, Longman Grammarof spoken and written English, london:s Pearson Education Limited, 1999, p. 260.
3
Douglas Bibe, Op. cit., p. 898
h. Spelling. Spelling is how to write a word correctly. The difficulties of spelling is
often occurs because the lack of knowledge. Besides, the such error can also be made by students because of less exercise. For example
“luxuriant , cleaver”, it should be “ luxuriant, clever”. In this case the students difficulties in spelling
are 3.23. i. Punctuation
Punctuation is the practice of inserting various marks in written text in order to aid interpretation.
4
It used to indicate the relationship between words, phrases, and clauses. It is a mean for making the meaning of a sentence easily
understood. Period [.], comma [,],question mark [?], exclamation point [], colon [:], semicolon [;], etc, are the kinds of punctuation. Most of students
misused the punctuation, e.g. “ It has two eyes”, It should be used colon , after sentence. In case of punctuation, the students made errors because they
do not pay much attention to the punctuation in writing, whereas it is important to make the meaning clearly. In this case the students didn`t use
punctuation in writing are 7.94. j. Capitalization
Some students cannot decide whether an expression or word should be capitalized or not. They used capital letter or not in a certain word or, it is
simply said, it is out of the ruler. They also used the wrong capital letter in particular words. They did not put any capital letter at the beginning of the
sentence, in the name of a person, place, and abbreviation. In this case the students didn`t use capitalization are 4.41.
4
Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 427.
