Errors are caused by differences between the native language of the learner and the language she is learning.
According to those definitions about errors, so the writer conclude it shows that errors are something that the learner do in their speech and writing by
using unacceptable and inappropriate form that the learner of grammar of the target language and competence of second language.
2. Causes Error
The error occurs for many reason. One obvious cause is interference from the native language. In this case, the students may make erros because he
assumed from the native language and their native language are similar, but in fact, they are different . Another obvious cause is an incomplete knowledge of
target language. Causes of error come from inter-lingual, intralingua transfer context of learning and communication
6
. There are : a. Inter-Lingual Transfer
Mother language or native language of the learner has great deal of influence in learning second language or foreign language. It is called interference
or inter-lingual transfer. In these early stages, before the system of second language is familiar, the native language is the only linguistic system in previous
experience upon which the learner can draw b. Intra-Lingual Transfer
In learning second language, inter –lingual transfer is one of the sources of
error that must be recognized, but it is now clear that the transfer within the target language intra-
lingual. As Brown stated, “Principles of language learning and teaching that intra
–lingual transfer within the target language itself is a major factor in second language learning. Researcher have found that the early stages of
6
Doughlas Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York : Prentice hall, inc., 1987, p.p. 212-217.
language learning are characterized by a predominance of interference inter- lingual transfer-generalization within the target language
– is manifested.”
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c. Context of learning
A third cause of error, though it overlaps both types of transfer, is the context of learning. “Context” refers to the classroom with the teacher and the
material in the case of school learning or the social situation. In the classroom context, the teacher or the textbook can lead the student to make faulty hypothesis
about the language , what Ricard called “ false concepts” and what Stenson
termed “Induced error”. Student often make error because of a misleading explanation from the teacher, faulty presentation of a structure or word in the
textbook, or even because of a pattern, that was rote memorized in a drill but not properly contextualized.
From the explanation previous, the writer concludes about the causes error , there are 3 causes error in learning foreign language. Firstly, inter-lingual
transfer, it is causes the sound between their mother language and foreign language, that make the students have problem in transferring their mother
tongue into foreign language. Secondly, intra-lingual transfer it influence by mother language , it defined as the students habitual in learning foreign language.
Thirdly, context of learning, the factor in learning foreign language it influence the student‟s itself motivation in expose their target language, they don‟t have
time enough if they just learn English inside classroom. It should more practice in their home.
3. The types of Error
The error of students may be classified as the errors of competence and the errors of performance. The Errors competence are systematic and continuously.
Otherwise, errors of performance is unsystematic, and the stu dents‟ can correct
their by themselves.
7
H. Doughlas Brown, op.cit.,p. 217
