know are there ”
14
. It means writing comes to the technique of free writing is very simple. The student pick up a pen and start writing and do not stop writing for ten
minutes. If they do not develop their ideas or get stuck, they repeat what they have written.
b. Controlled Writing
Control writing is the opposite of free writing, Raimes said, “controlled
writing is all the writing for which a great deal of the content andor form is supplied
”.
15
In using of writing to teaching writing, the student are focused to get words down paper and concentrating on one or two problems at a time; they are
thus spared from tackling the full range of complexity that free writings entails. Controlled writing focuses the students‟ attention on specific features of the
written language. It is good method of reinforcing grammar, vocabulary and syntax in context.
c. Guided Writing
Raimes assumed in her book Technique in Teaching Writing, Guided writing is a controlled writing; it is less than controlled writing. In
using kind of writing to teaching writing, students are given a first sentence, a last sentence, an outline to fill out, a series of question to
respond to, or information to include in their piece writing. Student should be able to discuss, make notes, share finding, and plan strategies together
before they begin to write.
16
The writer assumed that, the students will not make serious errors if they follow the instruction, In addition Mora assumed,
”
Guided writing is teaching component design to teach a specific skill or strategy to the whole group, a small
14
Dorothy Sedley, College Writer’s Workbook, Ohio: Bell and Howell Company,
1981, p. 2.
15
Ann Raimes, Technique in Teaching Writing, London: Oxford American English, 1983 , p. 95.
16
Ann Raimes Technique in Teaching Writing, London: Oxford American English, 1983 , p. 103.
group or individuals and to give students practice in writing.”
17
So the writer concluded that guided writing is an instructional situation where the teacher
guides the students through the completely process. It includes brainstorming, drafting, revising and editing. Guided writing can be occured with an individual
student, in small group or in whole class.
3. The Forms of Writing
Form of writing is required for different purposes. In general, writing can divide into three forms: Narration, Description, and Exposition.
a. Narration
Narration or story telling is writing about a succession of events. The simplest kind of narration follows chronological order. Anderson and Anderson
said about Narration writing as follow: Form of narrative account or describe of event in the past which entails
following a time sequence or chronological order .And forms commonly used are the simple past active, simple past passive and past perfect active.
Narrative text has some features in constructing a narrative, and the steps for constructing the narrative text are:
1. An orientation in which the narrator tells the audience about who is in the story, when the story is taking place and where the action is
happening. 2. A complication that sets off a chain of events that influences what
will happen in the story. 3. A sequence of events where the characters react to the complication.
4. A resolution in which the characters solve the problem created in the complication.
5. A coda that provides a comments or moral based on what has been learned from story an optional step
18
From the explanation above, narrate is to tell a story what happened. Narration is writing about writing about a succession of events. The simplest kind
17
Kerper J Mora, Guided Writing in Second Language Classroom, California: San Dieogo University Press, 1991, p.2.
18
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text types in English 3, Australia: Macmilan, 1998, p. 3.
