b Whistler Mountain events were not affected. Tha
t‟s where alpine skier Lindsey Vonn became the first American woman
to win the Olympic downhill gold medal.
That in the text 3 as representative of the Whistler Mountain events which has been mentioned before. The author uses demonstrative reference, to point out
something according its own proximity. In sentence b, reference that identifies far proximity.
3 Comparative reference The comparative reference items in text 3 are expressed only by particular
comparison through only numerative as, and more. It describes through these sentences below:
a L.26 and 27 The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics might be
remembered more for their tragic starts rather than their athletic feats
b L.26 and 27 The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics might
be remembered more for their tragic starts rather than their athletic feats
c L.49 But sadly, the steroids issue made headlines in
baseball as well.
In the sentences a,b,c ,the comparative references that are used and –
as. More is particular numerative comparative and as is additional in particular numerative comparative. The author uses comparative reference devices to ease
comparing something.
b. Substitution
1 Nominal Substitution There is only one substitution item that appears in the text 3, it is nominal
substitution. For more details, these are the following sentences:
a L.1: The 2010 year in sports was an exciting one marked by a
number of firsts. b
L.6: For the first time ever, football‟s premier event, the World Cup, was held in Africa. No one, either in the
stadiums or watching on television…. In this context one is a form of nominal substitute, it is used to substitute a
nominal item, in this case, one in sentence number 1 substitute sports and one in sentence number 2 refers to people. The author of the text uses nominal
substitution to replace the same previous word in order to have no extravagant word.
c. Ellipsis
1 Nominal ellipsis In text 3 there is just one item of ellipsis, it is nominal ellipsis. There are
two nominal ellipsis appear in this text. The sentences below describe the nominal ellipsis utilizes in the texts.
a L.40: The Chicago Blackhawks won their first Stanley Cup in 1961, beating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games.
If the sentence is completed by an elliptical nominal group, the sentence above will be
“The Chicago Blackhawks won their first Stanley Cup in 1961, The Chicago Blackhawks
beating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games”. b L.41: The Los Angeles Lakers won their second straight
National Basketball Association title, beating the Boston Celtics, four games to three, and Kobe Bryant was once again
named Most Valuable Player.
In the sentences b, here the author uses the nominal ellipsis, ellipsis is a fusion of a word in a sentence that has been deemed unnecessary like nominal
such as The Los Angeles Lakers, and the authors eliminate it because the next
sentence is still in the same subject, so it does not make such a long sentence. If the sentence is completed by an elliptical nominal group, the sentence above will
be “The Los Angeles Lakers won their second straight National Basketball
Association title, The Los Angeles Lakers beating the Boston Celtics, four games
to three, and Kobe Bryant was once again named Most Valuable Player”.
d. Conjunction
