a. Text 3 A Number of First Highlighted 2010 Year in Sport 1 Grammatical cohesion
a Reference
1. Personal reference The personal reference items utilize in the text 3 are personal pronoun as a
subject he, she, they, as an object them and possessive determiner his, its, their. a L.1 and 2The 2010 year in sports was an exciting one
marked by a number of first. Among them, Spain won its first World Cup football championship. Serbia won its first
Davis Cup title.them refers to sports, and its refers to an exciting sport.
b L.4 and 5 American golf star Tiger Woods failed to win a
tournament for the first time in his professional career
–
during a turbulent year in which he admitted the rumors of his
infidelities were true…. his refers to Tiger Woods as possessive determiner, and he refers to Tiger Woods as
personal pronoun. c L.9 The final was played at the huge Soccer City stadium in
Johannesburg, where Spain captured its
first World Cup… its refers to an exciting sport.
d L.14 – L.18 American golfer Tiger Woods dominated
headlines in 2010 but mostly not for his game. Rumors became reality when he admitted to a string of extra-marital.
His reputation ruined, he lost millions of dollars in
endorsements and was divorced by his Swedish wife Elin. For the first time in his pro career, he did not win a
tournament, and he fell from the number-one world ranking. . his refers to American golfer Tiger Woods as possessive
determiner, and he refers to American golfer Tiger Woods as personal pronoun.
e L.20 In tennis, Caroline Wozniacki did not win any of the
major tournaments, but she won enough to become the first player from Denmark. she refers to Caroline Wozniacki.
f L.26 and 27 The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics might be
remembered more for their tragic starts rather than their athletic feats.their refers to The 2010 Vancouver Winter
Olympics
g L.28 In a training run the day of Opening Ceremonies
Nodar Kumaritashlivili of Georgia was killed when his luge sled flew off the track into a support pole.his refers to Nodar
Kumaritashlivili.
h L.34That‟s where alpine skier Lindsey Vonn became the
first American woman to win the Olympic downhill gold medal. Later in the season she was the first American and
only second woman ever to win the overall World Cup title three straight seasons.she refers to Lindsey Vonn.
i L.40 The Chicago Blackhawks won their first Stanley Cup
since 1961, beating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games. their refers to the Chicago Blackhawks.
j L. 41 The Los Angeles Lakers won their second straight
National Basketball Association title. their refers to The Los Angeles Lakers.
k L.44 Quarterback Drew Brees guided the New Orleans
saints to their first ever National Football League Super Bowl title. their refers to New Orleans.
l
L.47 Baseball‟s San Francisco Giants won their first World
Series since moving to California from New York back in 1958.
their refers to Baseball‟s San Francisco Giants.
m L.48 They were victorious in five games over the Texas
Rangers….They refers to Baseball‟s San Francisco Giants. n L.50 New York Yankees slugger Alex Rodriguez admitted
he took performance-
enhancing drugs….he refers to Alex Rodriguez.
o L.52 and 53 On other hand, retired star pitcher Roger Clemens was indicted on charges of lying to Congress two
years ago, when he claimed he had never used performance- enchancing drugs. His trial will be in 2011. he refers to
Roger Clemens as personal pronoun and his refers to Roger Clemens as possessive determiner
p L.55 and 56 And Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Murallitharan retired with a world record 800 wickets, achieving the feat
from his final ball in his final test match in July against India. his refers to Muttiah Murallitharan.
There are some personal pronouns as subjects or as an object. Personal pronouns as subjects are he, she, they, and as an object is them. He in sentences
number b and c refers to Tiger Woods, he in sentence number n refers to Alex Rodriguez, the last is he in sentence number o refers to Roger Clemens.
Then, she in sentence number e refers to Caroline Wozniacki, but she in the sentence number h refers to Lindsey Vonn. Their in sentence number f refers
to Vancouver Winter Olympics, their in sentence number i refers to The
Chicago Blackhawk, their in sentence number j refers to The Los Angeles Lakers, their in the sentence number k refers to New Orleans. The last is
personal pronoun as an object, them in sentence number a refers to sports. These are personal pronoun as a possessive determiner, his in sentence
number b and d refers to American golfer Tiger Woods, his in sentence number g refers to Nodar Kumaritaslivili, and his in sentence number o refers
to Roger Clemens. Their in sentence number f refers to The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, their in sentence number i refers to the Chicago Blackhawks,
their in sentence number j refers to The Los Angeles Lakers, their in sentence number k refers to New Orleans, their in sentence number l refers to
Baseball‟s San Francisco Giants. Personal reference is used by the author to be emphasized to avoid a
repetition of the subject which is a waste of words. It clearly refers to previously mentioned subject, but it has to put the exactly personal pronoun in order not to
create an ambiguous sentence. 2 Demonstrative reference
There are three the demonstrative reference items which visible in the text 3, the and that. Neutral demonstrative represented by definite article the, and the
selective participant demonstrative represented by that. For more details, these are the following sentences.
a L.36: But despite tragedy and weather issues, the host
Canadians rejoiced on the final day when their beloved men‟s ice hockey team capture the gold medal….
The is signal of identity, it is used to shows to identify a place that holds the competition, its place is Canada.
b Whistler Mountain events were not affected. Tha
t‟s where alpine skier Lindsey Vonn became the first American woman
to win the Olympic downhill gold medal.
That in the text 3 as representative of the Whistler Mountain events which has been mentioned before. The author uses demonstrative reference, to point out
something according its own proximity. In sentence b, reference that identifies far proximity.
3 Comparative reference The comparative reference items in text 3 are expressed only by particular
comparison through only numerative as, and more. It describes through these sentences below:
a L.26 and 27 The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics might be
remembered more for their tragic starts rather than their athletic feats
b L.26 and 27 The 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics might
be remembered more for their tragic starts rather than their athletic feats
c L.49 But sadly, the steroids issue made headlines in
baseball as well.
In the sentences a,b,c ,the comparative references that are used and –
as. More is particular numerative comparative and as is additional in particular numerative comparative. The author uses comparative reference devices to ease
comparing something.
b. Substitution
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