E. The Technique of Analyzing Data
Before analyze the data, it is necessary to calculate the data into the statistic calculation. The writer used t
test
formula to calculate the data. The two classes were compared to the independent variable, the experiment class is X and
the control class is Y variable. The formula of t
test
is expressed as follows
1
; �
�
= −
�
−
M
x
= Mean of variable X M
y
= Mean of variable Y SE
= Standard Error Before doing the calculation of t
test
, there are several steps to be taken, the steps are:
a. Determining Mean of Variable X
=
1
b. Determining Mean of Variable Y
=
2
c. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X
� =
2 1
d. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y
� =
2 2
e. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable X
� =
�
1
− 1
1
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010, p. 314
—316.
f. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable Y
� =
�
2
− 1 g.
Determining Standard Error of Different Mean of Variable X and Mean of Variable Y
�
−
= �
2
+ �
2
h. Determining t
o
�
�
= −
�
−
i. Determining Degrees of Freedom
�� =
1
+
2
− 2
F. The Testing of Hypotheses
Before decided the result of hypotheses, the writer proposed interpretation toward t
o
t-observation with procedure as follows: 1.
Formulating alternative hypothesis H
a
: there is a significant different achievement between teaching Direct and Indirect Speech of Statement by
using Student Teams-Achievement Division STAD technique and teaching Direct and Indirect Speech of Statement by using other technique.
2. Formulating null hypothesis H
o
: there is no significant different achievement between teaching Direct and Indirect Speech of Statement by
using Student Teams-Achievement Division STAD technique and teaching Direct and Indirect Speech of Statement by using other technique.
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
A. The Description of Data
The data were collected from students ‟ pre-test and post-test from two
classes, experiment class and control class. The data is described into two tables. The achievements of students in the experiment class were presented in Table 3.1
and the achievements of students in the control class were presented in Table 3.2. Table 3.1 consists of four columns, the first column shows the number of
students in the experiment class X, the second column shows the pre-test scores, the third column shows the post-test scores and the last column shows the
gained scores which are resulted from the post-test score is subtracted the pre-test score.
Table 3.1 The Students’ Scores of Experiment Class
Using Student Teams-Achievement Division STAD technique Students
X Pre-test Score
Post-test Score Gained d Score
Post Test – Pre Test
1 65
85 20
2 55
90 35
3 50
85 35
4 55
70 15
5 45
75 30
6 65
85 20
7 45
70 25
8 45
70 25
9 40
55 15
10 50
80 30
11 50
75 25
12 60
85 25
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