52
target needs of learners. Last, materials expert was involved in evaluating the materials.
D. Data Collection 1. Data of the Research
Qualitative data and quantitative data were collected by the researcher. The qualitative data were used to identify the target needs. Meanwhile, the
quantitative data were used to identify the learning needs and evaluation in expert judgment.
2. Data collection Techniques
In this study, some techniques were used in collecting the data as follows: a.
Interview This technique was used for analyzing the target needs of the
learners. To find the target needs of the learners, the researcher conducted an interview with a manager of a travel agent.
b. Questionnaire
In this research, there were two questionnaires used. The first questionnaire was for students to do the needs analysis step. This
questionnaire was in the form of multiple choices. The learners were required to choose several statements provided. However, the learners
were also allowed to give other answers in the given space. The second questionnaire was created for the experts to do the evaluation step. The
questionnaire was in the form of a check box. The experts were required to give a check to the column that represented their opinion.
53
3. Data collection instruments
A number of instruments were used. They are: a.
Interview guide The interview guide was used to gain the information about the target
needs of the learners which is about the language used in travel agent. b.
Questionnaire As stated before, there were two questionnaires which are needs analysis
questionnaire and expert judgment questionnaires. 1
Needs Analysis Questionnaire This questionnaire was used to identify the learners‟ characteristics
and the learners‟ needs toward the English learning. Before it was given to the learners, the questionnaire was consulted to the consultant. The
organization of the questionnaire is presented as follows. Table 1. The organization of Needs Analysis Questionnaire
Question Number
Purpose of the Question References
Part A To
find some
information o e i g o the stude ts’
identity Part B
1 To find some information about
the stude ts’ goal of thei learning English short-term goal
Brown 2001:142 Nunan 2004:174
2 To find some information about
the stude ts’ goal of their learning Englishlong-team goal
Brown 2001:142 Nunan 2004:174
3-8 To find some information about Nunan 2004:47-52
54
2 Expert Judgment Questionnaires
There were two questionnaires used to evaluate the materials. The first questionnaire was used to gain the evaluation of the materials
developed and second questionnaire was used to evaluate the illustration of a comic strip. This first questionnaire was given to a materials expert
while the second questionnaire was given to a comic illustration expert. Before it was given to the experts, the questionnaires were consulted to the
what kind of input that the students want in learning English
9 To find some information about
topic or theme that the students want in learning materials
Nunan 2004:47-52
10-16 To find some information about
activities that the students want in learning English
Nunan 2004:53-63
Hutchinson and Waters 1987 : 60-63
17-18 To find some information about
setting of instruction that the student want
Nunan 2004:64-70 Hutchinson and Waters
1987 : 60-63 19
To find some information about stude ts’ ole
Nunan 2004:64-70 Hutchinson and Waters
1987 : 60-63 20
To find
information about
tea he ’s ole Nunan 2004:64-70
Hutchinson and Waters 1987 : 60-63
21-25 To find some information about
the stude ts’ pe eptio of o i strips
Mc Cloud 2007
55
consultants. The organization of the questionnaires can be presented as follows.
Table 2. The organization of Expert Judgment Questionnaire
No Aspects
The Aim of the Questions Item
Reference
Part A To find some information
concerning on
the stude ts’ ide tit
Part B 1.
Content To
validate the
appropriateness of
the materials with the core
competences and
basic competences
1-7 Pusbuk 2007
To validate the accuracy 8-11
Pusbuk 2007 To validate the learning
materials support 12,13
Pusbuk 2007 2.
Language To validate that language
used is communicative 14-16
Pusbuk 2007
To validate
the appropriateness
of the
language with
the stude ts’
og iti e development
17- 20 Pusbuk 2007
To validate
the cohesiveness
and coherences
21,22 Pusbuk 2007
3. Presentati
on To
validate the
presentation technique 23,24
Pusbuk 2007 To validate the learning
presentation 25 - 31
Pusbuk 2007
56 To
validate the
presentation comprehensiveness
32,33 Pusbuk 2007
4. Graphic
Design To
validate the
appropriateness of
the materials layout and the
content design 34
– 40 Pusbuk 2007
5. Content
and Language
of Comic Strip
To validate the content of the story
41-43 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the language used in the story
44,45 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the dialog in the story
46,47 Mc Cloud 2007
Table 3. The organization of Expert Judgment Questionnaire Comic Strip Illustration
No Aspects
The Aim of the Questions Item
Reference
Part A To find some information
concerning on
the stude ts’ ide tit
Part B 1.
Panel To validate the use of panel
in supporting the story 1-4
Mc Cloud 2007 To
validate the
presentation technique of the panel
5,6 Mc Cloud 2007
2. Characteri
zation To validate the character
identity 7
Mc Cloud 2007 To validate the character
feeling and body language 8,9
Mc Cloud 2007 3.
Landscape To validate the use of 10,11 Mc Cloud 2007
57 and Props
background in supporting the story
To validate the coloration of the background
12 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the use of properties in supporting
the story 13,14
Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the coloration of the properties
15 Mc Cloud 2007
4 Caption
and Speech
Balloon To validate the relationship
between the caption and the background
16 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the caption setting
17 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the relation between
the speech
alloo a d the ha a te s’ emotion or feeling
18 Mc Cloud 2007
To validate the speech balloon setting
19 Mc Cloud 2007
E. Data Analysis Technique
Kategori