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that the students will comprehend a text better if there are varied activities. It can make the students not bored in doing the tasks. The activities mentioned before
were done in pairs and in group. Meanwhile, in this unit the students are asked to retell their past
experience to the class. These activities are done individually. However, before retelling their story the students are given several guided tasks. For reading
activities, reading texts and then answering the comprehension questions were the activities chosen by the students instead of finding meaning based on the context.
Therefore, in this unit the students are asked to answer several questions related to the text. These activities are done individually and in pairs. Meanwhile, for
writing skill the activities that will be undergone by the students are writing text which is the same with model texts given included the grammar and the structure
related to the text. These activities will be done individually and in pairs. After writing a course grid, the researcher developed the materials. The
English learning materials consists of three units. As stated before, the materials were designed by taking basic competencies and considering the result of needs
analysis. The detailed explanation about developed materials is presented as follows.
3. The Developed Units
As stated before, the results of needs analysis and basic competencies are considered to determine the topic. The topic of Unit 1 is derived from the basic
competencies 3.4, and 4.5. The topic of Unit 2 is based on the basic competencies
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3.10 and 4.15. Meanwhile, the topic of Unit 3 is derived from basic competencies 3.9, 4.13 and 4.14.
The tasks in each unit were organized into two cycles. They are written cycle and spoken cycle. The written cycle is focused on developing the students‟
reading and writing skills while the spoken cycle is intended to help the students to develop their listening and speaking skills. Related to this, in the designed
materials, the written cycle comes before the spoken cycle. It is due to the consideration that once students obtain more exposure about the text in written
cycle, the students will know the text easily in spoken cycle. Every unit in the materials has its title and an overview passage about what
they are going to learn. The first part of each unit is “getting started”. This part gives the stude
nts‟ background knowledge about the topic before going to the main section. The main
section consists of two parts “written cycle” and “spoken cycle”. In each cycle, there are several steps related to approach that the
researcher used. They are “looking at”, “questioning”, “finding the answer” and “creating”.
In “looking at” stage the students will examine a text and write things that they do not know or they want to know more. Based on what they observe, in
“questioning” the students will be asked to make questions. In “finding the answer” there are several activities that the students do. The students will be asked
to collect information to answer the questions that they have. After that, they should use their information to answer the questions. Next, they should present
the result to the class. Last, in “creating” the students will be asked to create a
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text. However, before creating a text the students are given several guided and semi guided tasks.
Additionaly. there are additional activities which are “evaluation” and
“homework”. They will help the students to check their understanding toward the lesson in the materials. Every unit is also featured with other components such as
reflection, summary, and vocabulary list. The reflection part gives the students opportunity to do self-reflection of
how much they have learnt
. Meanwhile, “summary” part provides the summary of the main lesson of each unit. The
vocabulary list contains the words featured with phonetic transcriptions, parts of speech, and their Indonesian. Every unit was made 26-28 tasks. The tasks in three
units of the materials should be graded and sequenced. The tasks‟ descriptions of each unit can be seen in the Appendices.
4. The Results of Expert Judgment
