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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two main parts namely theoretical description and theoretical framework. The theoretical description presents general
understanding of code-switching, which is explained through discussion of some definition, and a number of types of and reason for it as the main points of this
study. Meanwhile, the theoretical framework summarizes and synthesizes all major relevant theories which will help to solve the research problems
A. Theoretical Description
To obtain thorough understanding about code-switching, this theoretical description is presented. This section elaborates the definition of code-switching,
types, and reasons for it.
1. Linguistics
There are different definitions of what linguistics is which are proposed by various linguists. Those definitions are changing from isolated structured context
to a wider scope or language in society. The aim of linguistics is therefore to study language systematically. Its
purpose is to study language objectively and explain language as it is. It has twofold aim: “to cover general principles underlying human language and to
provide reliable descriptions of individual languages.” McArthur, 1992: 608. Linguistics has three classic subdivisions: 1 Phonology the study of sound
pattern; 2 Morphology and syntax the composition of words and sentences; 3 Semantics the study of meaning. In the later development, some areas have
become increasingly important namely pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, linguistic typology, computational linguistics,
stylistic linguistic and applied linguistics. McArthur, 1992: 609.
2. Sociolinguistics
According to Romaine 1994: 2005, “sociolinguistic is the subdiscipline of linguistics which deals with the relationship between language and society.” It
also encompasses the study of “….attitude to language and language change…” Language users may act towards the language. The act depends on the
context, situation or people they communicate with. Sociolinguistics deals with language and the society which use the language and social background of the
language user, the speaker and the listener. For that reason, the relationship between speaker and addressee, the context and manner of the interaction are
important factors to maintain good communication. In a social relationship, people modify their language so that massage is
clearly understood by the addressee. The same is true in the context of language teaching learning. Language teachers modify the language they use in order to
achieve successfully transferred information. In other word, language teachers do the teacher talk. Teacher may simplify or lengthen the utterance to make meaning
clearer. It is also normal to switch to mother language to smooth the communication.
3. Nature of Code-Switching
Kategori