D=Diglossia SCS=Situational Code-Switching
MSC=Metaphoric Code-Switching CCS=Conversational Code-Switching.
SW=Single-Word IL=Integrated Loanword
Table 3.2 Observation Form of the Possible Reasons of Analysis
No Utterances Possible Reasons
Topic Under
Discussion Building
Intimate Relationship
Efficiency
D. Data Gathering Techniques
The methods of collecting data were mainly observations and transcript of the video VCDs. The researcher collected the data. Because of the nature of the
qualitative research, the data collected were in the form of words, not in the form of numbers. The data were notes and video transcripts.
The procedures of the data collection were as follows:
1. The researcher collected data by watching episodes of Bukan Empat Mata that had been recorded to CDs
2. The researcher made the transcript of the conversation in the show. 3. The researcher read the scripts and highlighted the sentences that contain code-
switching. 4. The researcher moved the highlighted data in to the data table to facilitate the
analysis
E. Data Analysis Techniques
Data analysis was the most important part in this study. The analysis process was based on the theoretical review and the researcher’s interpretation.
The researcher’s interpretation in the data analysis, later, was very important to identify the possible reasons of code-switching in Bukan Empat Mata.
The researcher followed the organized steps in analyzing the data of a qualitative research which were constructed by Creswell 1998. He described a
data analysis spiral which was implemented within the following steps: 1.
Organize the data The large bodies of text should be broken down into the smaller one
which could be presented in the form of sentences or individual words. The researcher conducted this step to analyze the code-switching phenomenon by
watching carefully. The switching which was found, then, listed on the observation form.
2. Peruse the data
The sense, here, might arise from my early interpretation toward the phenomenon being studied. The researcher might get early overview of the data
collected in the previous step which could be very helpful for the later steps. 3.
Identify general categories and classify each piece of data This step might come to the general sense of patterns of the data. The data
presented in the observation form was the primary object of the identification. Every code-switching listed on the observation form was identified for its type.
This step revealed the types of code-switching case in Bukan Empat Mata. 4.
Integrate and summarize the data After the classification process of the types of the code-switching had
been finished, the identification process of the possible reasons for the code- switching phenomenon was conducted. The theory or the explanation of the
reasons for code-switching from some linguists presented in Chapter II was also used as a consideration to figure out the possible reasons of code-switching.
The data analysis spiral could be figured out as follows:
Figure 3.1: The Data Analysis Spiral
F. Research Procedure
