Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researcher used a certain methodology to conduct this study, and this chapter aimed to discuss the methodology systematically. The discussion included research method, research subject, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.

A. Research Method

A certain methodology was needed as guidance to conduct and organize steps or procedures of this study. Since this study was aimed to observe and try to comprehend a language phenomenon in society, in this case code-switching, qualitative research was considered as the most appropriate term to name the method for this study because Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 133 argued that qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomenon in their natural setting. Code-switching in Bukan Empat Mata was considered as a social phenomenon in language use because the host employed code-switching prominently. Through this study, I was going to analyze and comprehend this kind of social phenomenon found in Bukan Empat Mata. To answer the second problem, library study was involved. The objective of finding some possible reasons for code-switching in Bukan Empat Mata was to interpret the meaning of the existence of code-switching in the show since it was essential, in qualitative research, to figure out interpretations of the phenomenon which were constructed in the particular setting. The identification of the possible reasons could represent my interpretations of code-switching. Merriam 2002:4 discussed this further: The key to understand qualitative research lies with the idea that meaning is socially constructed by individual in interaction with their world. There are multiple constructions and interpretations of reality that are flux and change over time. And qualitative research tries to understand what those interpretations are at a particular point in time and in a particular context. A content analysis was used in this research. Content analysis is a methodology in the social sciences for studying the content of communication. Earl Babbie defines it as the study of recorded human communications, such as books, websites, paintings and laws. It is most commonly used by researchers in the social sciences to analyze recorded transcripts of interviews with participants. Researchers quantify and analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of such words and concepts, then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writers, the audience, and even the culture and time of which these are a part. Texts can be defined broadly as books, book chapters, essays, interviews, discussions, newspaper headlines and articles, historical documents, speeches, conversations, advertising, theater, informal conversation, or really any occurrence of communicative language. In this part, the researcher tried to find out the possible reasons behind the code switching phenomenon. Since this research was an in-depth study of code switching that presented further analysis and an explanation of this existing phenomenon, it was considered a descriptive research. Bungin 2007: 68-69 explained that descriptive study involved an in-depth exploration of the object being studied. That was why it was appropriate and necessary not only to identify the types of code-switching but also analyze the possible reasons for code-switching on Bukan Empat Mata.

B. Research Subject