Psychological Approach Review of Related Theories

and so on. In this study, the researcher will focus only on the personality development. Therefore, this explanation which discuss about physical stuff can be ignored. The second one is characters as seen by another. The author can describe a character through the eyes and opinions of another. The reader gets it, as it were, a reflected image. The third one is speech. Each character will show his characteristics through what he says and what he does. Briefly, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us some clues to his character. The fourth one is past life. The author will let the readers to learn something about someone‘s past life, so that readers can have clues to events that have helped to shape a person‘s character. There are four ways to do this; through the author‘s direct comment, the person‘s thoughts, his conversation with the other characters or the medium of another person. The fifth one is conversation of others. The author gives readers clues to a person‘s character through the conversation of other people and the things they say about him. People do talk about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about. The sixth one is reactions. The author can also give us a clue to a person‘s character by letting us know how that person reacts to various situations and events. The readers can con sider how patient someone is and how well someone‘s intelligence is through his respond to certain event. The seventh one is direct comment. The author can describe or comment on a person‘s character directly. The eight one is thought. The author can give readers direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In this respect, the author is able to do what readers cannot do in real life. The author can tell readers what people are thinking. Therefore, the readers will get the clue about a person‘s characteristic directly through his thought. The ninth one is mannerism. The author can describe a person‘s mannerism, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell readers something about his character.

2.2.4. Theory of Needs

As what has been stated before, everyone needs someone else in their life. That is one of things that every single human being needs in daily life. In fact, there are so many needs of people that must be fulfilled to conduct a well-living life. Later, these needs will motivate people to behave. Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier models of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Maslow states that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others as cited in McLeod, 2007. Citing in McLeod 2007, Maslow mentions that five stages model of needs consist of physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self –actualization. One cannot jump to the next level before achieving the preceding level. Once that level is fulfilled, the next level up is what motivates people, and so on.