and predictability. If those needs are done, people will seek for aesthetic needs. They include appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.
The seventh level of needs is self-actualization needs. They include realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences. The final level of needs is transcendence needs. The only need in this level is helping others to achieve self-actualization.
2.2.5. Theory of Friendship
McKean 2005 defines a friend as a person whom one knows and with whom one has a bond of mutual affection, typically exclusive of sexual or family
relations. Furthermore, McKean 2005 defines friendship as the emotions or conduct of friends; the state of being friends p. 674. Related to friendship,
Beebe, Beebe, and Redmond 1996 explain as below: A friend is someone we like and who likes us. We trust our friends. We
share good and bad times with them. By nature, a friend is someone whom we choose to be with, not someone we associate with because we
have to. Friendships offer emotional supports and even affect our physical health. Friends also enhance our self- esteem.
According to Schutz, there are three primary social needs that make us initiate and sustain friendships with others as cited in Beebe, et al., 1996, p. 413.
The first one is the need for inclusion. Everyone needs some social contact, even for loners. Everyone needs to be included into certain activity with others and also
everyone needs to invite others to join others in certain event. All of human being need human contact and fellowship. The second one is the need for control.
Everyone must learn to control in order to predict how others will respond. Everyone may also have a need to be controlled because one desires some level of
stability and comfort in one‘s interactions with others. The third one is the need for affection. People need to give and receive love, support, warmth, and
intimacy. The amount may be different from person to person, but still the need to give and receive affection is needed by most people. From those three primary
social needs, it is concluded that the greater someone‘s inclusion, control, and
affection needs are, the more likely it is that the person will actively seek others as friends.
Having a friend will bring good things to someone, and one of them is helping us to grow mature through the problems we face in our life. Beebe, et al.
1996 mention that besides helping someone enjoy a healthy life, friends help one cope with stress, take care of physical needs, and even help in the
development of someone‘s personality p.413. Beebe, et al. 1996 add, ―Friends
also help shap e someone‘s attitudes and beliefs. Especially during periods of
change and crisis in someone‘s life, such as adolescence and retirement, friends help someone cope with uncertainty and
have a profound influence on one‘s behaviour‖ p. 413. They also explain that the intensity of someone‘s affection
for his friends and the intimacy of someone‘s conversations determines whether
one views someone as an acquaintance, a casual friend, or a close friend p. 419. Friends who belong to acquaintance are those whom someone knows but
do not consider friends. Communication with acquaintances tends to be functional and superficial. As the level of intimacy in the conversations goes deeper, the type
of friends will change from acquaintances to casual friends.
Casual friends are more likely to plan get-togethers than to depend upon chance meetings in the street or at the movies. Casual friends are also more likely
to volunteer to help one another in time of need. Last but not least, close friends are those that help the most when someone is stressed or troubled. One enjoys
their companion when all is well; when someone has problems, close friends want to help ease burdens and pain.
People built their friendship since they started to live in the society. When they were kid, they have had their first friend. As the time goes by, they turn into
adult and have more friends. At different stages in life, Beebe, et al. 1996 explain that there are four types of friendships, which are childhood friendships,
adolescent friendships, adult friendships, and the elderly friendships. People‘s first friendship is the childhood one. Childhood friendships
develop in intimacy and intensity through a series of stages. At around the age of twelve, family relationships often become less important, and adolescent
friendships become more intense. People develop cliques of friends and form friendship networks. During adolescence, peer relationships are the most
important social influence. Adult friendships often focus first on the selection of a life mate, which may supplant other relationships. Last but not least, is the elderly
and friendships. During retirement, when individuals have more time for socializing, friendships become increasingly important; but older adults form
fewer new friendships.
