Casual friends are more likely to plan get-togethers than to depend upon chance meetings in the street or at the movies. Casual friends are also more likely
to volunteer to help one another in time of need. Last but not least, close friends are those that help the most when someone is stressed or troubled. One enjoys
their companion when all is well; when someone has problems, close friends want to help ease burdens and pain.
People built their friendship since they started to live in the society. When they were kid, they have had their first friend. As the time goes by, they turn into
adult and have more friends. At different stages in life, Beebe, et al. 1996 explain that there are four types of friendships, which are childhood friendships,
adolescent friendships, adult friendships, and the elderly friendships. People‘s first friendship is the childhood one. Childhood friendships
develop in intimacy and intensity through a series of stages. At around the age of twelve, family relationships often become less important, and adolescent
friendships become more intense. People develop cliques of friends and form friendship networks. During adolescence, peer relationships are the most
important social influence. Adult friendships often focus first on the selection of a life mate, which may supplant other relationships. Last but not least, is the elderly
and friendships. During retirement, when individuals have more time for socializing, friendships become increasingly important; but older adults form
fewer new friendships.
2.2.6. Theory of Personality Development
McKean 2005 states that personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual‘s distinctive character p. 1269. Meanwhile,
to develop is to grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborate p. 463 and development is the process of developing or being
developed p. 464. Therefore, personality development is the growing process of characteristics that form an individual‘s distinctive character to be more mature,
advanced, or elaborate. Feist and Feist 2009 state that most psychologist agree that the word
―personality‖ originated from the Latin word persona which refers to theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas p. 3. However, personality
theorists have not agreed on a single definition of personality. Although they have all dealt in some ways with what we call personality, each has approached this
global concept from a different perspective. Citing in Feist and Feist 2009, Jung shares his thought about personality.
He believes that personality develops through a series of stages that culminate in individuation, or self-realization. He groups the stages of life into four general
periods – childhood, youth, middle life, and old age p. 120. Jung divides
childhood into three substages: the anarchic characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness, the monarchic characterized by the development of the
ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking, and the dualistic the ego as perceiver arises during the dualistic phase of childhood when the ego is
divided into the objective and subjective.
The period from puberty until middle life is called youth. Young people strive to gain psychic and physical independence from their parents, find a mate,
raise a family, and make a place in the world. According to Jung as cited in Feist and Feist, 2009, p. 122, youth is, or should be, a period of increased activity,
maturing sexuality, growing consciousness, and recognition that the problem-free era of childhood is gone forever. The major difficulty facing youth is to overcome
the natural tendency found also in middle and later years to cling to the narrow consciousness of childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent to the present time
of life. This desire to live in the past is called the conservative principle. Jung believes that middle life begins at approximately age 35 or 40. If
middle-aged people retain the social and moral values of their early life, they become rigid and fanatical in trying to hold on their physical attractiveness and
agility. Related to old age phase, Jung as cited in Feist and Feist, 2009, p. 122 states that nobody seems to consider that not being able to grow old is just as
absurd as not being able to outgrow child‘s size shoes. An old man who does not know how to listen to the secrets of the brooks, as they tumble down from the
peaks to the valleys, makes no sense.
2.3. Theoretical Framework
This part explains the contribution of theories in solving research questions; how they are applied in the study. The theories should be synthesized
in order to make them operationally applicable to the research questions. The focus of this thesis is on the influence of friendship to the
main characters‘ personality development. Thus, the writer applies some theories to conduct this
