increases their confidence and motivates them. Computerized lesson became more attractive. They only use their eyes to monitor the computer and put their chairs in
the appropriate positions. Therefore, these actions reflect their enthusiasm and motivation to learn.
2.2 The Philosophy of the Study
Qualitative research is the study of the empirical world from the viewpoint of the person under study Schmid, 1981. Schimd identified two underlying
principles. The first is that behavior is influenced by some factors, namely the physical, sociocultural, and psychological environment, that become the bases for
naturalistic inquiry. The second assumption is that behavior goes beyond what is observed by the investigator. Subjective meanings and perceptions of the subject
are critical in qualitative research, and it is the researchers responsibility to access
these. Other definition of qualitative study is proposed by Kirk and Miller
1986. They suggested a working definition that reflects the previous two principles. They defined it as a particular tradition in social science that
fundamentally depends on watching people in their own territory and interacting with them in their own language, on their own terms. It means that qualitative
study is pluralistic and consists of a variety of approaches. Since it is dialectic and interpretive, during the interaction between the researcher and the research
participant, the participant’s world is discovered and interpreted by means of qualitative methods De Vos 1998:242.
Case study becomes one of the approaches in conducting a qualitative study. It facilitates understanding of a phenomenon within its context using a
variety of data sources. This ensures that the issue is not explored through one lens, but rather a variety of lenses which allows for multiple facets of the
phenomenon to be revealed and understood to ensure that the topic of interest is well explored and that the essence of the phenomenon is revealed. To deepen the
understanding of the study, hermeneutics was developed in this study in order to discover the nature of “being” and “this is to be found in consciousness and the
type of existence that humans have.” Interpretative hermeneutic phenomenological case study which promotes a deep understanding of the
participants’ experiences was developed from Ignatian pedagogical interpretativism which became the paradigm of this study. Therefore, the
elaboration of Ignatian pedagogical interpretativism and case study research as the chosen approach is discussed further below.
2.2.1 Ignatian Pedagogical Interpretativism as the Chosen Paradigm
Interpretative paradigm or framework, according to Guba 1990 states that it is an appropriate basic set of beliefs that guides the action and later captures
and understands the rich experience of the participants. This paradigm was influenced by Ignatian pedagogical paradigm – the art of teaching and way of
learning adopting the spiritual exercises of Ignatius Loyola by education the learners within a world view grounded in the particular mysticism of Ignatius
Gallagher and Musso, 2006:1. The Jesuit educational enterprise embraces the
