14 person is thinking about. In this respect he is able to do what we cannot do in real
life. He can tell us what different people are thinking. The reader then is in privileged position; he has, as it were, a secret listening device plugged in to the
inmost thoughts of a person in a novel p. 171. The last is through mannerisms. The au
thor can describe a person‟s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character p. 173.
4. Friendship
People cannot live alone. They need to have interaction with other people to share their times and feelings. So do Pilon and the Pirate in Tortilla Flat.
Therefore, they build friendship. Friendship is a relationship between two persons or more. This section elaborates definition of friendship, types of friendship, and
the rules of friendship to examine how far the relationship of Pilon and the Pirate is.
a. Definition of Friendship
Baron and Byrne 1997 define friendship as “a relationship in which friends spend great deal of time together, interact in variety of situations, exclude
others from the relationship, and prov ide emotional support to one another” p.
278. It means that in friendship people spend their times together and give support to one another. They also share everything in bad or good situations. It
shows that building friendship is important in our life. However, having friendship is not as easy as it seems. We may also find
difficulties to have a very close friendship. The intensity of people‟s affection and their intimacy of conversation determine the types of friendship they have.
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b. Types of Friendship
Beebe et al 1996 categorize types of friendship into three. They are acquaintances, casual friends, and close friends. Acquaintances mean “people
whom we know but do not consider friends” p. 419. Our interaction with acquaintances is functional and superficial. We talk to them but we do not share
our feelings toward them. In casual friends, people have more intimacy than acquaintances when they interact. They can also help one another when they need
voluntarily. Then, the term close friends mean friends who are close to us. We have high intimacy in close friends. In this friendship, we can share anything
since we trust each other. Besides, close friends help us to release our stress and burden.
c. The Rules of Friendship
To make a friend, there are rules that should be obeyed. There are nine rules that we have to establish in friendship as proposed by Beebe et al 1996, p.
418, as follow: 1
Respect the other‟s privacy. 2
Do not discuss what is said in confidence with anyone else. 3
Look the other person in the eye during conversation. 4
Do not criticize the other personality publicly. 5
Do not force sexual activity upon the other person. 6
Seek to repay debts, favors, or compliments no matter how small. 7
Stand up for the other person in his or her absence. 8
Share news of success with the other person. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Address the other person by his or her first name. The rules are the keys for us to build and maintain friendship. If those
rules are accomplished, we can get a healthy friendship. That is why, it is essential to build friendship by applying the rules above.
5. Motivation
