21 Danny burdened by his possession of the house. Then, Danny escapes from his
house for so long and is back in a bad condition. When Danny comes back, Pilon and his friends give party for Danny. In the party, Danny is mad and he is gone
because no one wants to fight with him. He is found died in the ancient watercourse with wounds on his body. It is such an irony when the five paisanos
cannot attend Danny‟s funeral because they do not have any suits. Moreover,
Danny‟s house is accidentally burnt in the night after the funeral. It makes the talisman gone and the paisanos apart.
B. Approach of the Study
According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971, there are five kinds of critical approaches. They are formalist approach, biographical approach, sociocultural-
historical approach, mythopoeic approach and psychological approach. The approach that the researcher used in this research was psychological approach.
Psychological approach is an approach that focuses on the complexity of thought and behavior, the content of this region of the mind found expression in symbolic
words, thought and actions pp. 13-14. This approach was chosen because it was the most suitable approach to answer the questions stated in problem formulation.
By using psychological approach, th e study of human‟s motivation in building
friendship can be analyzed through their words, thought, and actions. The approach was applied to dig out Pilon and the Pirate characters and their
motivation for build their own friendship in Tortilla Flat. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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C. Method of the Study
The researcher used library method to collect the data for this study. Those
data were divided into two categories. They were primary data and secondary data
as the sources. The primary source used was John Steinbeck‟s novel entitled Tortilla Flat
and the secondary sources were relevant books, thesis and the online references.
There were several steps the researcher used to conduct the research. The first step was reading the novel several times to decide what kind of topic to
discuss in the study. After that, the writer summarized the novel to understand the novel deeper. Then, the researcher looked for as much information as possible
about Tortilla Flat study from references. The information came from reading some articles in the internet
and reading other researchers‟ studies. In the second step, the researcher formulated some problems related to the topic had chosen. In
the third step, the researcher collected some theories related to the study to answer the problems formulated. There were some theories used in this study such as
theory related to character, friendship, and motivation hierarchy of needs. The fourth, the researcher applied the theories and the approach to answer
the questions about some characters and the motivation of their friendship in Tortilla Flat
. The researcher used the theory of character and characterization to find certain characters in the novel. After that, the researcher used friendship,
motivation, and Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs theories to analyze the motivation of the characters for building their comradeship. The last step, the researcher drawn
conclusions from the answers the researcher got from the discussion. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter discusses the analysis of John Steinbeck‟s Tortilla Flat. It is divided into two sections. The first is the description of Pilon‟s and the Pirate‟s
characters. The second section discusses the motivation of Pilon and the Pirate for building their friendship.
A. The Description of Pilon and the Pirate
