38 that direct his behavior to his goal. Therefore, the researcher wants to reveal Pilon
and the Pirate factors in building their friendship.
1. Pilon’s motivation
Everybody has intention on every action that he takes. It is called motivation. This part reveals Pilon‟s motivation behind his friendship with the
Pirate. According to Huffman et al 1997 motivation refers to factors that make somebody does or acts something to get closer with his own goal. Motivation is
like the reason why people do or act to achieve their goal. Huffman et al 1997 categorize motivation into two types. They are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
These theories are used to uncover Pilon‟s motivation. Pilon‟s motivation is determined by his needs. According to Maslow in Huffman et al 1997, human
needs are divided into five levels. They are physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. In
analyzing Tortilla Flat, physiological needs and esteem needs theories are applied to reveal P
ilon‟s motivation. Pilon observes the Pirate before he comes to the Pirate. He approaches the
Pirate because he knows that the Pirate has hidden money Steinbeck 61. Pilon‟s motivation is categorized into extrinsic motivation. Huffman et al 1997 say that
extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform an act because of external rewards. Pilon builds friendship with the Pirate because he wants the Pirate‟s money.
Therefore, his motivation belongs to the extrinsic motivation. Pilon‟s motivation to build friendship with the Pirate is determined by his
needs. As a cunning man, Pilon uses his intelligence to seek a chance to get PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
39 personal advantage from his relation with the Pirate. He knows that the Pirate has
hidden money. Therefore, he approaches the Pirate and acts sympathetically in order to know where the Pirate‟s money is. He wants to get the Pirate‟s money so
that he can buy some food and beverages for fulfilling his tummy. Now he was getting somewhere. Like the cat, which during a long hour
closes in on a sparrow, Pilon was ready for his pounce. „I have it‟ his
brain cried. “It is like this: the Pirate has money, but he has no brain to use it. I have the brain I will offer my brain to his use. I will give it freely on
my mind. That shall be my charity towards this poor little half- made man.‟
p. 62 …
„Thy friends are poor,‟ he said. „They would like to help thee, but they have no money. If thou hast money hidden, bring it out into the open. Buy
thyself some clothes. Eat food that is not cast out by other people. Bring
thy money out of its hiding place, Pirate.‟ p. 66 As Pilon is also greedy, he wants to divert the Pirate‟s money for his own
pleasure. It is stated that Pilon and his friends like drinking wine. Pilon is chasing the Pirate‟s money in order to buy much wine. “This money had long ceased, in
the minds of the friends, to be currency. It is true that for a long time they had dreamed of how much wine it would buy...” p. 120.
Based on Maslow‟s hierarchy needs theory in Huffman et al 1997, it is concluded that Pilon becomes the Pirate‟s friend because he wants to fulfill
physiological needs. He builds his friendship with the Pirate to get the Pirate‟s
money in order to buy some food and beverages for his body. Besides, there is another reason why Pilon becomes the Pirate‟s friend.
Based on Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs theory in Huffman et al 1997, Pilon wants to fulfill esteem needs. Esteem needs are the need for appreciation and
respect. Pilon wants to be the Pirate‟s friend because he wants to get respected
40 and to feel important. He knows that the Pirate is a dependent person. He can be
heard by the Pirate because he thinks that the Pirate will follow what he says. When the Pirate listens to him or does what he says, he feels important so it
improves his self-esteem. Pilon looked distastefully at the Pirate‟s dirty, ragged clothes.
„Tomorrow,‟ he said sternly, „you must take the seven two-bitses and buy some decent clothes. For ordinary times these maybe alright, but on such
an occasion as this you cannot go into the church looking like such a gutter
rat. It will not be a compliment to your friends.‟ p. 125 …
On Sunday your candlestick will be there,‟ said Pilon. „We cannot go, for you will be wearing our clothes. I do not say Father Ramon will mention
you by name, but maybe he will say something about the candlestick. You must try to remember what he says, Pirate, so you can tell us.”
… Then Pilon grew stern. „Today, my little friend, there were dogs all over
Father Ramon‟s house. That was alright for today, but you must remember not to take them to the church on Sunday. It is not fitting that dogs should
be in the church. Leave the dogs at home.‟ p. 128 The quotations above show that Pilon gives suggestion to the Pirate. The Pirate
obeys his suggestion to buy new clothes for offering the candlestick to the church, to leave the Pirate‟s dogs at home, and to listen to Father Ramon‟s speech. It
indicates that Pilon is respected by the Pirate since the Pirate obeys his advice. He also feels important because the Pirate listens to him. Therefore, it is proven that
Pilon wants to build his friendship with the Pirate because he wants to fulfill esteem needs.
2. The Pirate’s motivation
