40 and to feel important. He knows that the Pirate is a dependent person. He can be
heard by the Pirate because he thinks that the Pirate will follow what he says. When the Pirate listens to him or does what he says, he feels important so it
improves his self-esteem. Pilon looked distastefully at the Pirate‟s dirty, ragged clothes.
„Tomorrow,‟ he said sternly, „you must take the seven two-bitses and buy some decent clothes. For ordinary times these maybe alright, but on such
an occasion as this you cannot go into the church looking like such a gutter
rat. It will not be a compliment to your friends.‟ p. 125 …
On Sunday your candlestick will be there,‟ said Pilon. „We cannot go, for you will be wearing our clothes. I do not say Father Ramon will mention
you by name, but maybe he will say something about the candlestick. You must try to remember what he says, Pirate, so you can tell us.”
… Then Pilon grew stern. „Today, my little friend, there were dogs all over
Father Ramon‟s house. That was alright for today, but you must remember not to take them to the church on Sunday. It is not fitting that dogs should
be in the church. Leave the dogs at home.‟ p. 128 The quotations above show that Pilon gives suggestion to the Pirate. The Pirate
obeys his suggestion to buy new clothes for offering the candlestick to the church, to leave the Pirate‟s dogs at home, and to listen to Father Ramon‟s speech. It
indicates that Pilon is respected by the Pirate since the Pirate obeys his advice. He also feels important because the Pirate listens to him. Therefore, it is proven that
Pilon wants to build his friendship with the Pirate because he wants to fulfill esteem needs.
2. The Pirate’s motivation
This part analyzes the Pirate‟s motivation of having friendship with Pilon. Huffman et al 1997 categorize motivation into two types. They are intrinsic and
extrinsic motivations. These theories are used to disclose the Pirate‟s motivation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
41 The Pirate‟s motivation is also determined by his needs. According to Maslow in
Huffman et al 1997, human needs are divided into five levels. They are physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs, and
self-actualization needs. In analyzing Tortilla Flat, belonging and love needs and safety needs theories are applied to reveal the Pirate‟s motivation.
The Pirate‟s motivation for building a friendship with Pilon is categorized into intrinsic motivation. Huffman et al 1997 say that intrinsic motivation is the
desire to do an act for its own sake. It means that intrinsic motivation comes from the Pirate himself to be Pilon‟s friend. The Pirate voluntarily becomes Pilon‟s
friend because he loves his friend. It is stated in the novel that “The Pirate stood before them, and there were tears of happiness in his eyes, for he had proved his
love for his friends” p. 74. It shows that there is no intimidation or coercion to the Pirate for building friendship with Pilon. Moreover, there is no malice in the
Pirate‟s heart to build his friendship with Pilon. Therefore, the Pirate‟s decision is purely determined by him.
The Pirate has a reason why he builds his friendship with Pilon. Based on Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs theory in Huffman et al 1997, the Pirate becomes
friend with Pilon because he wants to fulfill belonging and love needs. This stage deals with love, acceptance, and belonging. The Pirate wants to have association
with others and acceptance by others. As a human being, no one wants to live alone in the world. So does the Pirate. Unfortunately, his less intelligence makes
him have no friends, except his dogs. He also does not know the virtue of having friends. Moreover, he does not know that there are friends who worry about his
42 life. However, his heart is touched when Pilon comes and tells him that his friends
worry about his condition Steinbeck 65. His friendship with Pilon starts growing when Pilon invites him to live in Danny‟s house.
Then Pilon spoke. He told the Pirate that worry was killing his friends; but if he would go to live with them, then they could sleep again, with their
minds at ease. …
It was very great shock to the Pirate. He looked at his hands. And he looked to his dogs for comfort, but they would not meet his glance. At last
he wiped the happiness from his eyes with the back his hand, and he wiped his hand on his big black beard. p. 68
The Pirate feels that being regarded by his friends makes him feel better. He feels happy when he knows that he has friends in his life. It is shown in the
quotation “ „All those years I lay in that chicken house, and I did not know any pleasure. But now,‟ he added,‟oh, now I am very happy” p. 74. He also feels so
glad that his friends do care of himself. He always says to himself that Pilon and his friends love him so much.
These were his friends, he told himself in the night, when the house was dark, when the dogs snuggled close to him so that all might be warm.
These men loved him so much that it worried them to have him live alone. The Pirate had often to repeat this to himself, for it was an astounding
thing, an unbelievable thing. p. 70
As a simple person, the Pirate believes that Pilon‟s invitation to dwell in Danny‟s house is a form of his friends‟ love. He does not have any presumption that Pilon
and the other friends have intention to take his money. His simple thought makes him feel be loved and be accepted as a friend in Danny‟s house. Therefore, the
acceptance of the Pirate friends makes him achieve belonging and love needs. Belonging and love needs does not only deal with getting or accepting
affection. It also deals with giving affection. The Pirate shows his love and care PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
43 towards Pilon by giving Pilon food after he works. He feeds all his friends
including Pilon every day. The Pirate feels so happy when his friends eat food and beverage he brings.
The paisanos received his bounty and made use of it; fresh fish, half pies, untouched loaves of stale bread, meat that required only a little soda to
take the green out. They began to live. …
And their acceptance of his gifts touched the Pirate more deeply than anything they could have done for him. There was a light of worship in his
eyes as he watched them eat the food he brought. pp. 69-70
The second reason why the Pirate is willing to be Pilon‟s friend is because
he wants to fulfill safety needs. Maslow in Huffman et al 1997 says that in this stage, people attempt to get secure and safe. They also want to seek pleasure and
avoid pain. By getting secure from pain and danger, they can feel safety and live peacefully. As a dependent person, the Pirate wants to feel secure from danger and
get happiness in his life. He seeks guardianship from his friends to fulfill safety needs. It can be seen when Pilon and his friends visit the Pirate. The Pirate
pretends to be happy in front of his friends staying in a chicken house Steinbeck 68. Indeed, living in a chicken house is not better than living with his friends. He
does not get any pleasure living in the chicken house. The Pirate feels happier when he dwells with Pilon and the other in Danny‟s house rather than in his
previous house. It is because he is protected by his friends every day so that he gets rid from danger.
The Pirate stood before them, and there were tears of happiness in his eyes, for he had proved his love for his friends.
“To think,‟ he said, all those years I lay in that chicken house, and I did not know any pleasure. But now,‟ he added, „oh, now I am very happy” p.
74 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
44 Besides, there is another proof showing that the Pirate tries to fulfill his
safety needs by building his friendship with Pilon. The Pirate earns his money every day and hides it in the forest. He realizes that his hoarded money invites
many people to steal it. It puts himself in danger. He gets insecured every time he wants to check his money in the forest. However, he feels safe after he knows that
he has friends and he trusts Pilon and the other to guard his money for himself.
There is no burden in his mind about his money anymore.
The Pirate followed them i n. „I lied to thee, Pilon,‟ he said. „I told thee I
had no money, for I was afraid. I did not know about my friends, then. You have told how hidden money is so often stolen, and I am afraid again.
Only last night did a way out come to me. My money will be safe with my friends. No one can steal it if my friends guard is for me‟ p. 73
… „No,‟ said the Pirate. „I would not feel safe to hide it. But I will be happy
knowing my friends guard it for me. You would not believe it, but the last two nights someone
followed me into the forest to steal my money.‟ p. 73
The Pirate gets better life in Danny‟s house since he is free from the terror of his hoard. He trusts Pilon and the other friends to guard his money so he gets comfort
in his life. He believes that no one can steal his money from his friends. Therefore, it is clear that the Pirate becomes Pilon‟s friend because he wants to
fulfill his safety needs. Based on the proofs, Pilon and the Pirate have different characters. Both of
them have good sides and bad sides. They have intensive interaction that leads them to build friendship. They have different motivations for building their own
friendship. Their motivations are determined by their needs. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part presents conclusions of the analysis and the answer of the problem formulated. The second part is the
implication for managing friendship in learning and teaching process. The last part presents recommendation for English lecturers implementing the novel in
class and recommendation for future researchers who want to conduct the researches on
John Steinbeck‟s Tortilla Flat.
A. Conclusions
