C. Operational Definition of Variable
The operational definition of variable were follows: 1. Transition-Action-Detail TAD strategy is a strategy to teaching descriptive
text writing ability by asking the students to fulfill the TAD Chart which shows the sequence of event and consists of “transition” column, “action”
column, and “detail” column. 2. Students’ narrative text writing ability is their ability to procedure or compose
a text, by retelling a story in the past whose purpose is to entertain and give moral lesson to the readers, which fulfills the criteria of good writing including
content, organization, vocabulary, language, and mechanics.
D. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique 1. Population of Research
According to Arikunto, population is all of the research subjects.
5
It is supposed by Setiyadi who states that all individuals which can be the target in research were called
population.
6
Thus, the population in this research was the students at the first semester of the eighth grade of SMPN 1 Ngambur Pesisir Barat in the academic year
of 20162017. The total number of population in this research was 120 students consist of 4 classes.
5
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, Jakarta: Rineka cipta, 2010, p.173
6
Ag Bambang Setiadi, Metode Penelitian untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Pndekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 38
Table 5 The population of Eighth Grade of SMP N 1 Ngambur Pesisir Barat in the Academic
Year of 20162017 No
Class Gender
Number of Student
Male Female
1 VIII A
12 18
30 2
VIII B 15
15 30
3 VIII C
13 17
30 4
VIII D 15
15 30
Total 55
65 120
Source : SMPN 1 Ngambur Pesisir Barat in 20162017 Academic Year
.
2. Sample of Research
According to Arikunto, sample is several or representation of the population research.
7
In this research, the writer chose two classes, one class as experimental class and one class as control class. Each class consists of 30 students.
3. Sampling Technique
In this research, the writer used cluster random sampling technique. Fraenkel and Wallen state that the selection of groups, or clusters, of subjects rather than
individuals is known as cluster random sampling.
8
The writer used this sampling because all the classes were homogeneous and the writer took two classes. One class
was a control class and one class was an experimental class. The writer conducted the research at the eighth grade. The eighth grade consist of 4 classes, but was quite hard
to maintain all of the eighth grade students as the sample of this research, so the writer selected two classes as the sample.
7
Suharsimi Arikunto, Op. Cit., p. 174
8
Jack R. Fraenkel, How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009, p.105
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