Concept of Text REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

conjunction or numbering to indicate sequence, and use mainly of material process. The example of procedure text are how to make sandwich, how to make a cup of coffee, how to make an omelet, etc. 3. Descriptive Descriptive text describes person, place or thing. 23 Generic structures of descriptive text are identification and description. Identification identifies phenomenon to be described, and description describes parts qualities and characteristics. The language feature of descriptive text is focus on specific participants, use of adjectives and adverb and use of simple present tense. The example of descriptive text such as describes about people an artist, teacher, best friend. Place, such as Borobudur and Prambanan Temple. Thing such as plant, for example Raflessia Arnoldi. 4. Narrative Narrative text is a piece of text which tells a story to entertain and inform the reader and listener. 24 The generic structures of narrative text are orientation, complication, evaluation, and resolution. While the language feature as follows focuses on specific participant, uses past tense, uses time connective and conjunction uses saying verb. The examples of narrative text are Cinderella, Mouse Deer and Crocodile, Malin Kundang, etc. 23 Petter Knapp and Megan Watkins, Genre, Text, Grammar, Sidney: UNSW Press, 2005, pp. 98-99 24 Ibid, p. 8 Based on the explanations above, it can be concluded that there are many kinds of texts in teaching writing for student of junior high school and each student must be able to understand the generic structure and language feature of the texts.

G. Concept of Narrative Text 1. Definition of Narrative Text

There are some text types such as narrative, descriptive, recount, procedure, exposition, and etc. 25 Each of them has different definition and function. According to Anderson, narrative is a text which tells a story and in doing so, entertains or informs the reader or listener. 26 It is in line with Pardiyono’s statement which is narrative is kind of the text appropriate to tell activities or events in the past which has purpose to amuse and give moral lesson to reader. 27 In addition, narrative is kind of text that contains of story which has a problematic, climax and solution as the end of the story. 28 It means that in narrative there is a conflict that will reach the solution in the end of story. Usually, the students like to read legend of the country, fairy tale of the world, or fable such as Malin Kundang, Cinderella, and Mouse deer and Crocodile. They are known as narrative text. 25 Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Loc. Cit 26 Ibid, p. 6 27 Pardiyono, Teaching Genre-Based Writing, Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI, 2001, p. 94 28 Pardiyono, The Art of Teaching Technique of Classing Handling as Food-like Service, Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI, 2001, p. 30