experimental group only and then administed a posttest to assess the differences between the two groups.
4
The research design can be presented as follows:
Table 4 Pre-test and Posttest Design
Control Class Pretest
No Treatment Posttest
Experimental Class
Pretest Experimental
Treatment Posttest
The writer used two classes as the sample of this research consisting of experimental class and control class. The experimental class was taught by using Transition-
Action-Detail TAD as treatment, whereas in the control class was taught by using expository. In this research the students were given pre-test and pos-test to both
classes. Pre-test was given to know students’ narrative text writing ability before treatment and post-test was given to know the students’ narrative text writing ability
after treatment.
B. Variable of Research
In this research, there were two variables, namely: 1. Independent variable
The independent variable in this research was Transition-Action-Detail TAD strategy that is symbolized by X
2. Dependent variable The dependent variable in this research was students’ narrative text writing
ability that is symbolized by Y
4
John W. Creswell, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Boston: Pearson Education, 4
th
ed., 2012, p. 310
C. Operational Definition of Variable
The operational definition of variable were follows: 1. Transition-Action-Detail TAD strategy is a strategy to teaching descriptive
text writing ability by asking the students to fulfill the TAD Chart which shows the sequence of event and consists of “transition” column, “action”
column, and “detail” column. 2. Students’ narrative text writing ability is their ability to procedure or compose
a text, by retelling a story in the past whose purpose is to entertain and give moral lesson to the readers, which fulfills the criteria of good writing including
content, organization, vocabulary, language, and mechanics.
D. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique 1. Population of Research
According to Arikunto, population is all of the research subjects.
5
It is supposed by Setiyadi who states that all individuals which can be the target in research were called
population.
6
Thus, the population in this research was the students at the first semester of the eighth grade of SMPN 1 Ngambur Pesisir Barat in the academic year
of 20162017. The total number of population in this research was 120 students consist of 4 classes.
5
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, Jakarta: Rineka cipta, 2010, p.173
6
Ag Bambang Setiadi, Metode Penelitian untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Pndekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 38
