5 to make optimal use of complex sentences in writing as far as the sentences
support the ideas they want to convey and those sentences can help improve the coherence and to avoid repetitions in writing.
2. TeachersLecturers This study will offer an improvement in teaching complex sentences. The
analysis of the difficult parts of complex sentences, besides giving benefits to students, also gives benefits to teachers. Realizing this, teachers are to pay more
attention to the teaching of those difficult parts.
3. Other researchers For other researchers, this study is aimed to become a starting point of better
research in the future by narrowing or broadening the topic with deliberate improvement according to the future’s needs as well as contexts.
F. Definition of Terms
1. Mastery Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7
th
Edition, mastery refers to “great knowledge about or understanding of a particular thing.” According to
Fries 1952:3, more specifically, a person has learnt a foreign language when he has, thus, within limited vocabulary, mastered the sound system that is when he
can understand the stream of speech and achieve an understandable production of it and has, secondly, made the structural devices that is the basic arrangement of
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6 utterances matters of automatic habit. Considering the focus of the study, which
is complex sentences, the writer pays attention to the second requirement of mastery, which is, structural devices.
Furthermore, one is considered to have mastered these structural devices if he or she:
a. knows the forms and the rules underlying it b. know the meaning of those forms
c. know how to use construction correctly and appropriately
2. Complex Sentences A sentence is said to be a complex sentence if it consists of one independent
clause and one or more dependent clause Wishon Burks, 1987, Dumais, 1988, Azar, 1989, Bram, 1995. They, furthermore, go on to state that independent
clause refers to a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence for it has a subject and a finite verb of a sentence. They also explain that unable to stand by
itself as a complete sentence, a dependent clause must be connected to an independent clause. Connectors connecting the dependent clause to the
independent one are called subordinating conjunctions. Such words as who, which, how, because, as
and since are some of them. As the dependent clauses of
complex sentences, in this study, there are noun clauses, adjective clauses and adverb clauses.
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7 3. Research Paper Writing
Research Paper Writing is a compulsory subject in the curriculum of the English Education Study Programme of Sanata Dharma University. It is offered in
semester six. According to Panduan Akademik Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 2007, in this subject, students are expected to be able to conduct minor research
and write reports of the research. These reports will, obviously, be the object of the analysis.
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8
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW
