Students’ mastery on complex sentence type four

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6. Students’ mastery on complex sentence type four

The overall findings about students’ mastery of complex sentences type four could be observed in the following table. Table 4.6: Sentences containing multiple clause structure Doc. Total Correct Incorrect Grade No Number Number 1 9 7 78 2 22 Good 2 15 11 73 4 27 Good 3 17 9 53 8 47 Poor 4 30 15 50 15 50 Poor 5 20 13 65 7 35 Fair 6 19 13 68 6 32 Fair 7 30 27 90 3 10 Very Good 8 18 13 72 5 28 Good 9 29 9 31 20 69 Poor 10 12 4 33 8 67 Poor 11 7 4 57 3 43 Poor 12 14 8 57 6 43 Poor 13 15 9 60 6 40 Fair 14 12 5 42 7 58 Poor 15 28 8 29 20 71 Poor 16 6 5 83 1 17 Very Good 17 29 12 41 17 59 Poor 18 13 8 62 5 38 Fair 19 7 2 29 5 71 Poor 20 11 8 73 3 27 Good 21 12 8 67 4 33 Fair 22 11 5 45 6 55 Poor 23 8 5 63 3 38 Fair 24 12 10 83 2 17 Very Good TOT 384 218 56.8 166 43.2 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 58 VERY GOOD : 3 students 12.50 GOOD : 4 students 16.67 FAIR : 6 students 25.00 POOR : 11 students 45.83 TOTAL : 24 students From the table, it could be observed that students’ mastery of complex sentence type four was much different from that of the other three types of complex sentences. Overall, only 218 sentences of 384 were grammatical, with the other 166 sentences being ungrammatical. The ungrammaticality was found in so many sentences that it reached 43.2 of the total. In other words, students’ overall mastery of complex sentence in this type can be considered low, surprisingly. That judgement was strengthened by the results showing the percentage of students obtaining “very good” that drastically went down into 12.50, representing merely three students of 24. On the other hand, the number of those obtaining “poor” increased significantly up to more than 45, representing eleven students of 24. That one fourth of all participants obtained “fair” and one sixth of all participants obtained “good” could not hide the fact that students’ mastery on this type of complex sentences is relatively low, averagely. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 59 Finally, the overall result of students’ mastery on complex sentences could be observed in the table below. Table 4.7: Summary of the overall numbers of grammaticality Complex Sentences TOTAL Correct Incorrect Number Number Noun Clauses 317 247 77.9 70 22.1 Adjective Clauses 287 222 77.4 65 22.6 Adverb Clauses 251 192 76.5 59 23.5 Multiple Clause Structures 384 218 56.8 166 43.2 TOTAL 1239 879 70.9 360 29.1 From the table above, some facts could be seen. Firstly, even though the total grammaticality nearly reached 71, this came out mostly from the first three types of complex sentences only. It was because students’ mastery went down drastically in the fourth type of complex sentence. Secondly, in terms of number, the ungrammatical sentences were 360. This number would, later on, correspond to the total number of ungrammatical sentences presented in the appendices. Meanwhile, to see the correspondence between the overall result of students’ mastery above and the results of each student, the following table was presented. Table 4.8: Summary of students grades Noun Clauses Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Multiple Clauses No Grade Grade Grade Grade 1 87.5 Very Good 80.0 Very Good 75.0 Good 77.8 Good 2 90.9 Very Good 83.3 Very Good 80.0 Very Good 73.3 Good 3 62.5 Fair 92.9 Very Good 91.7 Very Good 52.9 Poor 4 66.7 Fair 55.6 Poor 66.7 Fair 50.0 Poor 5 77.8 Good 71.4 Good 84.2 Very Good 65.0 Fair PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 60 Noun Clauses Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Multiple Clauses No Grade Grade Grade Grade 6 80.0 Very Good 83.3 Very Good 88.9 Very Good 68.4 Fair 7 100.0 Very Good 92.0 Very Good 88.9 Very Good 90.0 Very Good 8 57.9 Poor 58.3 Poor 75.0 Good 72.2 Good 9 54.5 Poor 63.6 Fair 75.0 Good 31.0 Poor 10 72.7 Good 63.6 Fair 57.1 Poor 33.3 Poor 11 100.0 Very Good 73.7 Good 83.3 Very Good 57.1 Poor 12 66.7 Fair 80.0 Very Good 80.0 Very Good 57.1 Poor 13 82.4 Very Good 100.0 Very Good 80.0 Very Good 60.0 Fair 14 58.3 Poor 53.8 Poor 69.2 Fair 41.7 Poor 15 70.0 Good 70.0 Good 30.0 Poor 28.6 Poor 16 100.0 Very Good 94.1 Very Good 66.7 Fair 83.3 Very Good 17 87.5 Very Good 80.0 Very Good 90.0 Very Good 41.4 Poor 18 100.0 Very Good 60.0 Fair 83.3 Very Good 61.5 Fair 19 85.7 Very Good 100.0 Very Good 84.6 Very Good 28.6 Poor 20 77.3 Good 55.6 Poor 66.7 Fair 72.7 Good 21 85.7 Very Good 70.0 Good 60.0 Fair 66.7 Fair 22 66.7 Fair 87.5 Very Good 62.5 Fair 45.5 Poor 23 50.0 Poor 85.7 Very Good 69.2 Fair 62.5 Fair 24 75.0 Good 100.0 Very Good 95.0 Very Good 83.3 Very Good There were some findings that could be obtained through the table above. First, there were four students who obtained merely “very good” and “good”. These students could be considered having mastered complex sentence constructions. Second, there were six students who obtained the combination of “very good”, “good” and “fair.” These students could be seen as the ones who have mastered complex sentences, too, not as good as the previous, though. Third, six students obtained their only “poor” in complex sentences type four. These students could have mastered the basic types of complex sentences. Yet, they might not have really mastered the way to combine more than one dependent clause in a sentence. Fourthly, one student obtained the only “poor” in complex PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 61 sentence type one, and another student in complex sentence type two. These two students might have mastered complex sentences for they could get rid of getting “poor” in type four sentences. It was their lack of understanding on certain clause which they frequently used that led them to get “poor.” Then, the rest six students obtained two or more “poor.” It could be said that these six students had not mastered complex sentence constructions regardless of types.

B. Students’ problems in producing complex sentences

1. Students’ most frequent problems in all types of complex sentence

There were five ungrammaticalities which were very frequently found in all the four types of complex sentence. These were inconsistency of tenses, dangling verbal, double finite verbs, subject verb agreement violation, and verb omission.

a. Inconsistency of tenses

There were many sentences that had inconsistent tenses. Referring to the past, retelling their interview results for instance, they used past form in main verb and present form of finite verb in the dependent clause. Students used inappropriate tense for the context. In the following examples, there could be seen pairs of the original sentences and the corrected ones. Remember that the corrections could be of many aspects, so take a look at the given topic only. 1 Original : Most of them state that the time was really short so they have to find the article quickly. Corrected : Most of them stated that the time was really short, so they have had to find the article quickly. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI