2.1.3.8 Thoughts The author directly gives what a person is thinking about. By knowing
what in the character’s mind, the readers will know his characteristic. 2.1.3.9 Mannerism
The author creates the character’s behaviors where each and every one of the behaviors will show the characteristic of the character. A person’s habits of
idiosyncrasies may also tell us something about someone’s characteristic. Murphy also adds that characterization is the presentation of the
characters’ personalities including their attitudes, appearances, motives, and actions, which are created to be life like. This is in order that the ideas of what
kind of people they are in the story are conveyed to the readers 161.
2.1.4 The Mother-Child Relation
According to Deutsch 308, the main problems of motherhood are the reproductive function, and, as we have seen, continue, with the birth of the child,
the mother’s relation to the child. From this statement, it can be inferred
that the mother’s relation to the child is very important because the relation will be an
ongoing process; regarding the fact that the child grows bigger each day. There are two greatest task of a woman, namely: to shape her unity with
the child in a harmonious manner and to dissolve the unity harmoniously. The tasks of motherhood that serve the preservation of the species
correspond to the developmental stages of the child. For instance, all of the mother’s interests during the child’s first life period are chiefly
directed to the goal of his physical thriving. Her activity at this time is applied to his feeding and bodily care. At this stage the mother’s urge to
preserve the unity with the child is strongest and the possibility of gratifying it greatest: the child’s helplessness during the suckling period
furthers this unity Deutsch 308-309.
From this explanation, it can be inferred that the first task of a mother in her early child’s life is to make a unity with him. After having the unity with the child, then
the next task of a woman will be educating the child. This matter will be explained in the following paragraph.
The mother’s next task is educating. Beside her attention to bodily care, she is now concerned with the child’s psychology and his adjustment to reality.
Above all, the mother must now teach her children to control his instincts, and the better her own instinctual life is controlled, the better does she succeed in this
task. She must not be too mild in her methods of training, for excessive indulgence involves the danger of the child’s remaining undisciplined and
dominated by his instincts. She also is not allowed to forbid a lot, for excessive inhibition exposes the child to the danger of neurotic illness Deutsch 309. From
the previous explanation, it can be concluded that the second task is the important one. The reason is that the mother must educate her child well. If the mother is too
mild, then her child will remain undisciplined and dominated by the instincts. If the mother forbids too much, then the child will have a danger of experiencing a
neurotic illness. Therefore, the mother must take a right step in taking care of her child.
Noller 135 states that there are three styles of parenting. They are authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive styles. Further, Greenbaum Landau
state that mother-child interactions tend to be dominated by caretaking. Mothers communicate with their children, stimulate them, express positive affection to
them, and perform the basic childcare tasks more than do fathers 205.
