Critical Approaches Review of Related Theories

2.1.3.2 Character as seen by others The author describes the character of the person through the other’s eyes and opinion. There the opinion may come from people around the person about his personality which can also determine his characteristics. 2.1.3.3 Speech The author gives the readers some clue about the character through what the character says. 2.1.3.4 Past Life In certain events of the characters past life, the readers will know the characteristic of himher. Here we learn that a character’s past experiences, particularly those which are really meaningful can cause several effects to the person’s future life even may change his character. 2.1.3.5 Conversation of others Through the conversations done by other people, the readers will know what they say about the character. 2.1.3.6 Reactions The readers will know what kind of person the character is by seeing how heshe reacts to various situations in the story. The readers here can conclude if a person is temperamental or patient and etc. 2.1.3.7 Direct Comment The author gives direct comment to the character. However, the author will not give lots of direct comment otherwise the novel will be uninteresting to deeply read. 2.1.3.8 Thoughts The author directly gives what a person is thinking about. By knowing what in the character’s mind, the readers will know his characteristic. 2.1.3.9 Mannerism The author creates the character’s behaviors where each and every one of the behaviors will show the characteristic of the character. A person’s habits of idiosyncrasies may also tell us something about someone’s characteristic. Murphy also adds that characterization is the presentation of the characters’ personalities including their attitudes, appearances, motives, and actions, which are created to be life like. This is in order that the ideas of what kind of people they are in the story are conveyed to the readers 161.

2.1.4 The Mother-Child Relation

According to Deutsch 308, the main problems of motherhood are the reproductive function, and, as we have seen, continue, with the birth of the child, the mother’s relation to the child. From this statement, it can be inferred that the mother’s relation to the child is very important because the relation will be an ongoing process; regarding the fact that the child grows bigger each day. There are two greatest task of a woman, namely: to shape her unity with the child in a harmonious manner and to dissolve the unity harmoniously. The tasks of motherhood that serve the preservation of the species correspond to the developmental stages of the child. For instance, all of the mother’s interests during the child’s first life period are chiefly directed to the goal of his physical thriving. Her activity at this time is applied to his feeding and bodily care. At this stage the mother’s urge to preserve the unity with the child is strongest and the possibility of gratifying it greatest: the child’s helplessness during the suckling period furthers this unity Deutsch 308-309.