that characters have some characteristics which are similar with human being. Sometime it comes to them to get angry, and to show some moral and social
values that ultimately become their motivation in saying and doing something. According to Henkle 88 – 97, characters can mainly be categorized as
major and minor characters. He states that major character is created to carry out ideas or messages in a story to readers through the character’s feelings, thoughts,
actions, and reactions. In the other side, minor or secondary characters are those who only appear in a certain setting to support the major characters. Henkle says
that it is necessary for us to pay a heed to the major characters in order to understand the novel profoundly. As an addition, he says that we build
expectations and desires upon them to establish our values and to present convincing dramatizations of the human issues of the book.
2.1.3 Characterization
Rhorberger and Wood, Jr. in Reading and Writing about Novel define characterization as the process by which an author creates character, it is the
devices that he makes the readers to believe a character in the particular type of person he is. An author does this way to make a stereotype of someone existing in
a real world situation comes real during the reading 20. According to Murphy, there are nine methods in which the readers can
understand the character 161 -173. They are: 2.1.3.1 Personal Description
The author describes the appearance of a character in details such as the face, the skin color, the hair, etc.
2.1.3.2 Character as seen by others The author describes the character of the person through the other’s eyes
and opinion. There the opinion may come from people around the person about his personality which can also determine his characteristics.
2.1.3.3 Speech The author gives the readers some clue about the character through what
the character says. 2.1.3.4 Past Life
In certain events of the characters past life, the readers will know the characteristic of himher. Here we learn that a character’s past experiences,
particularly those which are really meaningful can cause several effects to the person’s future life even may change his character.
2.1.3.5 Conversation of others Through the conversations done by other people, the readers will know
what they say about the character. 2.1.3.6 Reactions
The readers will know what kind of person the character is by seeing how heshe reacts to various situations in the story. The readers here can conclude if a
person is temperamental or patient and etc. 2.1.3.7 Direct Comment
The author gives direct comment to the character. However, the author will not give lots of direct comment otherwise the novel will be uninteresting to
deeply read.
