6
1x1
Sampling Plot
1 2
3 4
5
by using lux meter and fresh weight production was measured by using electrical balance. The data beneath the tree directly also obtained. The sample quadrats
used of 1 x 1 m
2
on each site with the distance 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 4m, and 5m respectively. Also, the measurement of lux intensity and fresh weight production
were conducted Figure 2.
Figure 2. Sampling plot on agroforestry system in Lembang, West Java
2.3.1 The calculation of carrying capacity on Agroforestry system
Carrying capacity was defined as the capacity of an ecosystem, which could maintain
its productivity,
adaptability, and
capability of
renewal IUCNUNEPWWF 1991. In this study, the number of livestock that land
resources in the study area could support has been considered as the carrying capacity, which was determined using following equation.
∑ where C was the livestock carrying capacity of land resources; TDNA was Total
digestive nutrient TDN available; TDND, the TDN demand per livestock standard unit LSU. TDN was a standard indicator of crude protein, crude fiber,
nitrogen-free extract, calcium and phosphorous content in forage, fodder and concentrate Banerjee 1988. Since livestock were fed with grass, fodder, crop
residue and grain, with varying nutrient contents, conversion of all these materials into TDN was essential to determine the carrying capacity Tahpa 1999.
7
2.3.2 The analytical framework on economic calculation
The analytical framework on economic calculation was designed to obtain the data regarding economic aspect of dairy farming system in Lembang. The
interview method was conducted in order to get any further information with the respondent dairy farmers. The determination of respondents were counted by the
proportion estimation by using this equation Rae 1994 :
n=
̂ ̂
n = sample
̂ = estimated value for p
̂ = 1- estimated value for p
e = error
= normal distribution The calculation of economic aspect on small-scale dairy farming was
conducted. It was given the variable farm inputs as X
i
and fixed farm input K are used in agroforestry farm to produce output Y
j.
The relationship both he quantities of input employed and quantities of output produced could be expressed as :
Y
j
= f Xi, K or explicity as : Y
j
= f X
i
, X
2
, ….X
n
, K ……………………………………………X ∑
∑ …………………………………………..X
= [∑
∑ ] - K ……………………………………… X
8
Dairy farmers without land for
forage 22
Dairy farmers rent the land for
forage 18
Dairy farmers planting forage in
forest 36
Dairy farmers has their own land for
forage 24
2.4 Results and Discussion
The benefit of using Agroforestry also, could be seen in the economical aspect. We obtained some data in small-scale dairy farming in Gunung Putri
Villages, Lembang area, West Java. A deeply interview and discussion obtained regarding the benefit aspect on Agroforestry system. As 78 of farmers have been
involved in turn to obtain further information of Agroforestry system. We observed, that more than 36 of dairy farmers attempted the forage by utilizing
forest area. The dairy farmers, under any condition who were utilizing forest area for
foraging might acquired with many benefits, either ecological or economic. It could explain easily; they were using the land that available for planting forage,
further it supported for forage production for the dairy cattle. The land that available in forest was providing by renting to household. However, we also
gained that the price for renting was inexpensive. Farmers issued approximately 245.000 IDR per Ha per yr. This amount was lower compared than they have to
purchase forage. We averaged that household were belonging the land for 5.513,15 m
2
in the forest. In figure 3 described clearly the spreading information regarding farmers condition due to filling forage demand.
Figure 3. The outspreading of household condition due to forage provision in Lembang, West Java
The social aspect was highly significance to be assessed, since the Agroforestry system was well known in the community. However, the system
9 guided to the good impact on sustainability of dairy farming. We observed that
there was a cooperative relationship both the farmers and the government. However, since the government officially regulated the household for planting
forage in 2005, harmonized relation occurred on both side. Household had their awareness for keeping the forest, as the area for planting forage and for the natural
conservation. Since the regulation was issued, some hazards were decreasing dramatically. For example, the fire accident was lower, the wood criminal
harassment also depleted. However, co-management, activity that involving community has been proved successfully in maintaining the forest.
In Indonesia forest management is recognized by State Owned Forestry
Enterprise Perum Perhutani. Perum Perhutani has been established since 1961.
The primary job is managing forest resources in Java and Madura Island. Their strategic programs are supporting balancing economic, Forest Eco-community
system that had collaboration either Perhutani and Forest community or others stakeholder. Forest area in Lembang is managed by ―Badan Kesatuan
Pemangkuan Hutan Lembang‖ BKPH. Forest has potency as the income‘s
source of community; planting forage, water resources, etc. Furthermore, some problems facing by the household due to in utilizing
forest area for foraging were also gained. The information were collected from deeply discussion, with the dairy farmers in Lembang. The farmers were facing
low productivity of forage that planted beneath the tree. The information completed by obtaining some data in Agroforestry
system. It assumed that forage yield affected by the low levels of irradiance that accepted understorey. Further its quality nutrients content also needed to be
concerned. Further, we designed several plots that showed significance forage production in each plot respectively. Table 1 described the measurement of forage
yield beneath the tree Table 1.
