The calculation of carrying capacity on Agroforestry system

11 affected forage yield. The relationship was also occurring on forage yield, levels of shade and the distance, in Agroforestry system. In general speaking, it could be inferred that as the higher number of shading ratio, it showed the less number of production. Figure 4 also described the correlation both forage yield and the distance measured R 2 . It could be inferred that R 2 number was 0.91. On the other hand, it could be stated that as 91 of forage yield measured was affected by distance, and the rest influenced by others factors. However, it also observed the quality of forage yield in Agroforestry system. We intended deeply information about the quality of forage yield in different density type. The information regarding the quality of forage could be seen in Table 3. Table 3. The measurement of forage quality in Agroforestry System, in three different plots low, middle and high density plot. Table 3 described the measurement on forage quality in different type plot observation. The higher density plot showed higher nutrients compound specially in DM, fiber, protein and fat. It described that underneath canopy, the quality of forage was increasing. In middle density 78 of levels of shade, showed the higher nutrient compound compared with low 12 and high-density plots 54. Moreover, the quality on grass also explained by Ludwig et al. 2004, who stated that in older trees tend to be more widely spaced than the smaller ones. These trees in medium density show an optimal effect on herbaceous layer productivity compared to more densely, where grasses have been inferior competitors for resources as a light, water and nutrients. Anna et al. 2007 more over also explained that in sub canopy of tree reflect a high Nitrogen and Phosphor value, as the facilitative effect of trees prevails. CHAPTER III. No Plot designed in Agroforestry system Moisture content Ash content Protein content Fat content Fiber content 1. Low density plot 8.36 14.02 10.01 1.32 27.8 2. Middle density plot 9.55 12.51 11.88 1.62 28.08 3. High density plot 10.08 12.73 12.80 1.75 28.20 12 An Experimental Treatment, A learnt from Actual Condition; The effect of shading and organic fertilizer on forage production

3.1 Introduction

Agroforestry system was known briefly as an effort for providing forage, elaborated with forest plantation. However, agroforestry system was complicated because it involved many factors, such as solar radiation, tree growth, density, sloping, rainfall etc. Those factors were quite hard to understand in estimating forage production. Simplification of those factors was required in estimating forage availability in forest. In order we could understand the potency of agroforestry as the source of forage plantation. Therefore, the research was conducted, several factors were involved to understanding the Agroforestry system related to the small-scale dairy farming in Indonesia. A learn from actual condition was introduced in field experiment research. The using of P. purpureum as the most used forage variety used by farmers, whereas discover the potency of S. splendida as the other variety for animal feed also conducted. S. splendida has been known as the one of forage that used as a feed for animal. Wilson and Minson 1980 also proofed that the leaf of plant has a more the organic matter digestible than the steam. S. splendida, consist more leaves than the steam. Further, we would like also gained about the endurance of S. splendida underneath the levels of shade. Level of irradiance shading was used as the first factor assumed might affect forage production. It became the primary limiting factor because levels of shade would curb growth in biomass accumulation. Organic fertilizer was used as the secondary factor. Using organic fertilizer was very important for sustainability dairy farming. Since the organic fertilizer has been known widely as the factor that might increase SOM Soil Organic Matter. SOM was also known as the indicator for soil health. Defoliation management also affected forage production substantially. Defoliation, whether by hand or by animals reduced leaf area and induced a carbon shortage in plants through reduction in light interception. The objection of this research is to gain the information about the forage yield due to shading affect and its quality.

3.2 Method