Forage layer height and leaf area The measurement of Chlorophylls Content.

23 121 10 122 11 123 12 111 1 112 2 113 3 131 19 132 20 133 21 311 28 312 29 313 30 321 37 322 38 323 39 331 46 332 47 333 48 221 64 222 65 223 66 211 55 212 56 213 57 231 73 232 74 233 75 121 13 122 14 123 15 111 4 112 5 113 6 131 22 132 23 133 24 121 16 122 17 123 18 111 7 112 8 113 9 131 25 132 26 133 27 311 31 312 32 313 33 321 40 322 41 323 42 331 49 332 50 333 51 311 34 312 35 313 36 321 37 322 41 323 42 331 52 332 53 333 54 221 67 222 68 223 69 211 58 212 59 213 60 231 76 232 77 233 78 221 70 222 71 223 72 211 61 212 62 213 63 231 79 232 80 233 81 H0 = AB ijl = 0 H1 = AB ijk Y ijk = µ + K K + A i + B j + AB ij +ε ij Y ijk = Forage production Pennisetum purpureum and Setaria Splendida Influenced by shading level i and organic fertilizer j µ = Mean Square K K = Influence of blocking, ie: -k A i = Influence of solar radiation ie: -i B l = Influence of fertilization ie-l ABil = Interaction of solar radiation and fertilization Design : Randomize block complete plot with there replications, Unit plot 3m Totally 27 plots. Shading Level. 1 0, 2 60, 3 80, Fertilizer. 1 30 Mg ha -1 , 2 20 Mg ha -1 , 3 10 Mg ha -1 , Defoliation: 40d , 50d , 60d Replication : 1,2,3 Figure 8. Plot Design 24 3.4 Result And Discussion 3.4.1 Plant Responses due to the level of irradiance, organic fertilizer and Defoliation Management Several treatments on Field Experimental research were design and the data regarding forage production was gained. Moreover, the levels of shade were assumed might influence strongly on forage yield. Levels of shade were connected directly with light availability. Light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths to which the human eye is sensitiveλ ≈ 400 to 700 nm. However, sometimes the word light is also used to refer to other nearby regions of thespectrum: ultraviolet shorter wavelengths than visible light and infra-red longer wavelengths. Light is both a source of energy and a source of information for green plants. It is a sourceof energy for photosynthesis, and a source of information for photoperiodism nightday length, phototropism light direction, and photomorphogenesis light quantity and quality Aphlaho 2006. Trees in some ecosystems, for example in forest, savanna, ect have been referred to as ‗islands of fertility‘ Belsky et al. 1989, because elevated soil nutrients are found beneath their crowns, together with decreased solar radiation, reduced evapotranspiration and reduced soil temperatures Ludwig et al. 2004. The use of organic fertilizer such as manure might be useful to increase SOM. Thelen et al. 2010 observed the manure effected to soil organic matter by using corn Stover. Based on the research, they were obtained that adding manure or compost were effective ways to build SOM even with complete removal of corn Stover. Therefore manure the organic fertilizer was used on this research. The availability of light might influence nutrient intake by plant. Light quality and irradiance incident on shoots could affect the growth of roots by indirectly affecting the photosynthetic availability in roots, either because of changes in allocation or changes in assimilation. In turn changes in the root growth, morphology and symbioses could affect the ability of plants to take up nutrients form the soil. Moreover, light quality can affect the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. At the biochemical level light dependent light induction and modulation of enzyme activity has been studied in some detail. On the other hand,