Statistical Analysis Sampling Procedure and Data Collection .1 Plant Production
28
5 10
15 20
25 30
40 50
60
M g
ha
days
5 10
15 20
25 30
35
M g
ha
shading highly influenced to forage yield. In S. splendida, within the longer time of defoliation management, it required less organic fertilizer. It could be seen in
Table 8 that the optimum forage yield for 0 levels of shade in 40 days after plantation for 30 Mgha, and with the longer time of defoliation management 50
and 60 days after plantation, the requirement of organic fertilizer was reducing for 20 Mgha. The result quite different with the influence of the limitation of sun
availability, whereas in 60 levels of shade showed the higher organic fertilizer requirement for 20 Mgha for 40 and 50 days after plantation. The organic
fertilizer was required higher for 30 Mgha for the longer time defoliation management 60 days after plantation. In this study, defoliation management has
a significance effect due to forage yield Figure 11.
Figure 11. The main effect defoliation management on forage yield Mgha S. splendida. Subscripts with the same letter showed the significant
different test by Least Square Determination LSD in P0.05.
Figure 11 described the influence of defoliation management due to fresh weight of S. splendida. It could be seen that the different time of days after
plantation has lead the different amount of fresh weight production. In this study, there was significance different on 60 days defoliation management p0.05. It
also found that S. splendida did not show the direct effect regarding to shading effect. However, the influenced of levels of shade has seen as the interaction with
the additional organic fertilizer Figure 12. a
a ab
29 Figure 12. The interaction both fertilization and levels of shade measurement on
fresh weight production of S. splendida Figure 12 described that there was an interaction both fertilization and
levels of shade. It could be seen that the additional fertilizer related to the availability of light. Fertilizer has a function in supporting nutrient, specifically
when plant in an emerge condition, lack of nutrient or sun availability. Therefore the additional fertilizer was important. On figure 12 described that the additional
fertilizer on 80 levels of shade has been encouraged forage yield, event tough it could not be higher compared with 60 levels of shade. Nevertheless, this
founding could be useful as the farming management system as the initial information of S. splendida as the forage forest plantation.
The study regarding plant production and the influenced of light has been done by Baruch and Gueni 2007. Based on their observation in understanding
forage production and irradiance acceptation by Brachiaria S.p. They declared that the forage production was dramatically decreasing with the lower number of
irradiances. The other research also showed by Poorter Oberbauer 1993 who stated that plants in high light, on the other hand are faced with high radiation
loads. Thus, they invest more in root mass, in a way that compensates for higher transportation losses by water uptake.
The production was increased by means of a higher light-saturated photosynthetic rate. It agreed by Lambers et al. 1998 who stated that the sun
radiance availability is the major ecological factor affected plant growth and survival. Plants could respond with genetic adaptation and phenotypic acclimation
30
to low levels of irradiance. It was clearly described that the sun radiance supply was highly influenced on biomass production. It was related to the photosynthetic
energy captured, providing green plants with almost all of their chemical energy, and central to their ability to compete and reproduce Givnish 1998.
The data in field experimental research showed the similar trend which occurring in Agroforestry system, in Lembang, West Java. In the actual condition
the levels of shade were highly influenced forage yield. Further it also observed that the organic fertilizer showed the dramatically change due to yield production.
Defoliation treatment also affected due to biomass accumulation. The study showed optimum days after cut was 50d. On 50 days of cut, reflected the
optimum fresh weight accumulation both in P. purpureum and S. Splendida. In 40 days after plantation, forage production was not optimum, whereas the yield was
slowly decreasing after 50 days after cut. It could be seen that less production was obtained in 60d, compared with 50d. However the data might highly beneficial
used for forage management information for sustainability of dairy farming. We also observed the respond of the forage from experimental treatment on the plant
height. It was considering as the growth stage of the plant. The data regarding plant height of the plant was obtained on this research showed in Table 9.
Table 9. The Measurement plant layer height cm P. purpureum on Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments
Levels of shade
Organic Fertilizer Mgha
Defoliation management 40d
50d 60d
30 244±19.7
249±10.6 242±4.9
20 216±18.3
229±14.1 222±12.7
10 185±5.6
225±5.6 233±0.7
60 30
279±7.7 275±10.6
234±15.5 20
251±4.2 259±24.1
250±21.2 10
247±7.7 248±6.3
250±6.3 80
30 258±13.3
231±23.3 221±36.7
20 245±48.1
242±52.3 179±12.1
10 222±4.2
230±19.7 219±6.3
Table 9 described the distribution of plant height of P.purpureum. It was measured that the range of plant of height was 179-279 cm. Plant height was the
one of indicator on plant growth. Plant growth strongly correlated with the sun availability. The levels of shade treatment has dramatically influenced on forage
31
210 220
230 240
250 260
270
60 80
cm
layer height. It could be seen that in Figure 13 showed how levels of shade treatment influenced plant height on P. purpureum.
Figure 13. The main effect levels of shade measurement on plant height cm of P.
purpureum. Subscripts with the same letter in the same column showed the significant different test by Least Square Determination
LSD in P0.05.
In general, the plant height was gradually increasing with the higher number of levels of shade. It could be seen in Figure 13 that, the plant height was
higher in 60, but slowly decreasing to 80 levels of shade. It obtained the average of highest plant height was 254.94 cm and found in 60 levels of shade.
It also gained that 0 levels of shade produced the less plant height as 227.39 cm. The different average of plant height was occurring as the kind adaptation
mechanism of forage, as the less number of irradiance that accepted by forage for photosynthesis. In this study, it also found the interaction both the additional
organic fertilizer and defoliation management. In Figure 14, it could be seen the interaction on both factors organic fertilizer and defoliation management
treatments.
b
a
b
32
50 100
150 200
250 300
40d 50d
60d 40d
50d 60d
40d 50d
60d 10 Mgha
20 Mgha 30 Mgha
cm
Figure 14. The interaction both defoliation and fertilization treatment measured on plant height of P. purpureum.
In the previous discussion, it has been discussed about fresh weight production which showed the interaction both fertilizer and defoliation
management. The similar result also found on the respond of plant height on P.purpureum. Plant height was the respond on plant growth; therefore the higher
organic fertilizer was required on shorter defoliation management 50d. Moreover, the additional fertilizer leads to the higher plant height on
P.purpureum. It could be seen from Figure 14 that as the additional of organic fertilizer for 30 Mgha showing the higher plant height. The measurement of plant
height also conducted on S. Splendida. It could be seen clearly on Table 10. Table 10. The Measurement plant height cm on S. Splendida on Levels of
Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments Levels
of shade Organic Fertilizer
Mgha Defoliation management
40d 50d
60d 30
70±9.1 65±7.7
62±4.9 20
63±2.5 70±7.0
74±6.8 10
73±8.3 63±8.7
73±6.3 60
30 75±7.5
89±6.6 93±3.1
20 96 ±2.6
101±0.6 88±5.0
10 94±4.2
96±2.6 87±5.8
80 30
81±7.5 99±5.1
92±4.0 20
92±6.1 87±10.6
86±15.5 10
96±9.7 102±5.6
102±6.6
33
20 40
60 80
100 120
140
40 50
60
cm
days
Table 10 described that the plant height of S. Splendida. The plant height range of S. Splendida was 63
– 102 cm. The height was varying since the experimental treatment given. Based on the statistical calculation it could be
found that there was significance different on plant height due to the defoliation management p0.05. The main effect of defoliation management on S.
Splendida could be seen on Figure 15.
Figure 15. The main effect levels of shade measurement on plant height cm of S. Splendida. Subscripts with the same letter showed the significant
different test by Least Square Determination LSD in P0.05
In Figure 15, it could be seen briefly that the different height of S. Splendida affected by the experimental treatment. In S. Splendida, the highest
plant height was 94 cm that found in 80 levels of shade. It was higher compared than 0 levels of shade as 68.93 cm. In this study, it was probably the maximum
stage for the respond of S. Splendida. Moreover, the height plant was found slowly decreasing as the higher levels of shade. Underneath limitation of sun
availability, the requirement of organic fertilizer was higher. It could be seen that the plant height under 60 levels of shade was required 20 Mgha organic
fertilizers in 40 and 50 days after plantation. Whereas, the longer time of defoliation management 60 days after plantation, the highest plant layer height
was found with the additional 30 Mgha. The data explained that plant height as the one of adaptation mechanism
on plant regarding the environmental condition due to the shading affect. It argued by Similarly Paez and Lopez 2000 who observed that plant height increased in
the shading effect. Shading treatment extremely affected the plant height as its respond on the less number of the radiance. The other respond of plant respond
b ab
a
34
50 100
150 200
250 300
60 80
mm
2
b a
b due to experimental research treatment was leaf area of the plant. It was measured
on an each piece the leaf. The information of leaf area could be seen in Table 11. Table 11. The Measurement of leaf size mm
2
on P. purpureum on Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments
Levels of shade
Organic Fertilizer
Mgha Defoliation management
40d 50d
60d 30
164±67.7 174±57.7
187±25.2 20
165±81.4 260±7.0
280±64.1 10
166±33.3 195±26.9
219±55.4 60
30 225±31.5
241±31.7 274±39.9
20 194±29.7
248±42.2 261±21.2
10 164±19.9
266±36.3 294±44.2
80 30
172±19.6 174±16.8
257±36.7 20
201±63.8 230±53.4
298±12.1 10
155±42.5 176±7.8
282±10.1 Table 11 showed the measurement of leaf size on P. purpureum. Leaf size
could be used as the indicator of growth and for the respond of experiment treatments. It related with the ability of leaf for photosynthesis process. Since the
shading treatment was given influenced to the leaf size. We observed that defoliation management was significance different due to leaf size p0.05. Even
though the organic fertilizer was not directly influenced for leaf size, but we observed the higher organic fertilizer was presented the higher leaf size within the
higher levels of size. In 50 and 60 days after plantation underneath 60 levels of shade, the organic fertilizer required was 10 Mgha, while in 80 levels of shade
the organic fertilizer was required for 20 Mgha. Figure 16 showed the impact of defoliation management due to leaf size of P. purpureum.
Figure 16 . The main effect 1 levels of shade on leaf size mm
2
of P. purpureum. Subscripts with the same letter in the same column
35
50 100
150 200
250 300
40d 50d
60d 40d
50d 60d
40d 50d
60d 10 Mgha
20 Mgha 30 Mgha
mm
2
showed the significant different test by Least Square Determination LSD in P0.05.
From figure above it could be seen that there was significance different on levels of shade p0.05. The highest leaf size was found in 60 levels of shade.
There was a trend on higher number of leaf size regarding to the less number of irradiance accepted by plants. It was kind of plant adaptation of plant due to
radiance limitation. There was also an interaction both defoliation management and the organic fertilizer Figure 17.
Figure 17. The interaction both defoliation and fertilization treatment measured on leaf size of P. purpureum.
Figure 17 showed the interaction both defoliation management and the additional of organic fertilizer. In general, it could be seen that the longer period
of defoliation management result the higher number of leaf size 60d. It also could be understood that the additional organic fertilizer as 30 Mgha could
improve the leaf size on P. purpureum. The other leaf size respond was showed on S. splendida Table 12.
36
10 20
30 40
50 60
70
60 80
mm
2
b a
a
10 20
30 40
50 60
70
40 50
60
mm
2
days
b ab
a
Table 12. The Measurement of leaf size mm
2
on S. splendida on Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments
Levels of shade
Organic Fertilizer
Mgha Defoliation management
40d 50d
60d 30
27±1.9 34±2.3
33±1.1 20
33±2.2 41±3.2
44±4.6 10
32±0.9 33±1.4
47±5.8 60
30 42±1.4
64±2.0 65±5.1
20 63±3.8
57±4.5 64±4.5
10 52±5.1
47±1.1 63±3.6
80 30
45±5.4 66±12.1
61±8.7 20
28±3.7 48±9.3
74±10.6 10
31±5.9 51±6.7
79±0.8 Table 12 described the distribution of leaf size measurement on S.
splendida, with the different of levels of shade, the additional organic fertilizer and defoliation management. It could be seen the range of leaf size of S. splendida
was 27 – 79 cm. The analysis was driven by statistical analysis using Analysis of
Variance ANOVA showed that there was significance different on levels of shade and defoliation management due to leaf size of S. splendida p0.05
Figure 18.
1 2
Figure 18. The main effect 1 levels of shade and 2 defoliation management on leaf size mm
2
of S. splendida. Subscripts with the same letter in the same column showed the significant different test by Least Square
Determination LSD in P0.05.
Figure 18 described the main effect of levels of shade and defoliation management due to leaf size of S. splendida. It could be seen that on 60 levels
of shade, showed the higher respond due to leaf size 57.82 mm
2
whereas in the longer period of days after planting, leaf size were showing the widest one. It was
37 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
80
40d 50d
60d 40d
50d 60d
40d 50d
60d 60
80 mm
2
gained that 59.13 mm
2
of leaf size was obtained in 60 days defoliation management. It could be seen that defoliation management has a relation with the
additional of organic fertilizer. In 40 days after plantation, the highest leaf size was obtained in 20 Mgha for 60 levels of shade, whereas as 30 Mgha was
required in 80 levels of shade. It indicated that in the higher levels of shade, forage required higher organic fertilizer. In this study, it was obtained the
interaction both defoliation management and levels of shade. Figure 19 showed the interaction that occurred on S. Splendida
Figure 19. The interaction both defoliation management and levels of shade measurement on leaf size of S. splendida.
Figure 19 showed the interaction both defoliation management and levels of shade on leaf size of S. splendida. From this study it could be seen that the
optimum leaf size was obtained on 60 levels of shade. In 80 of levels of shade, leaf size gradually decreased. Another factor influenced leaf size was
defoliation management. It could be seen as the longer time of days after cut, the higher number of leaf size found. In P.purpureum, the highest leaf of size was
found in 50 days after cut. The higher leaf size has been obtained in 60 days after cut in S. splendida.
The other respond was chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content was observed as the effect of experimental research treatments. Chlorophyll was the
indicator of photosynthesis process occurred in plant. In photosynthesis process of a green plant, light is collected primarily by chlorophylls, pigments that absorb
light at a wavelength below 480 nm and between 550 and 700 nm Heldt 2005.
38
Chlorophyll concentration was an indicator of plant responsiveness to light stress. Table 13 showed the information of chlorophyll concentration on P.
purpureum. Table 13. The Measurement Chlorophyll content mggram of P. purpureum on
Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments
Levels of shade
Organic Fertilizer
Mgha Defoliation management
40d 50d
60d 30
4.3±0.016 5.3±0.014
4.7±0.005 20
6.5±0.008 3.9±0.005
4.6±0.005 10
4.8±0.019 4.1±0.005
4.5±0.005
60
30 6.0±0.071
5.6±0.005 7.1±0.014
20 5.7±0.019
5.0±0.005 6.1±0.014
10 4.9±0.019
6.6±0.056 5.8±0.011
80
30 6.2±0.019
8.9±0.057 7.4±0.005
20 6.5±0.019
8.1±0.005 6.2±0.005
10 4.9±0.005
6.5±0.005 6.1±0.014
Table 13 described the amount of chlorophyll content on P. purpureum influenced by experimental treatment. The range of chlorophyll content on P.
purpureum was 4.15 – 8.91 mggram. A statistical analysis was gained on the
influenced of chlorophyll content on P. purpureum. In 0 levels of shade, within the different of defoliation management showed the varied of chlorophylls
content. The chlorophyll content was lower in the longer time of defoliation management. As reveres, in the less of irradiance accepted by plants, the
chlorophyll content was higher within the longer time defoliation management. It showed there was significance different due to levels of shade to chlorophyll
content p0.05. Figure 20 showed the influenced of levels of shade on chlorophyll contents of P. purpureum.
39 2
4 6
8
60 80
m g
g ram
b a
a
Figure 20. The main effect levels of shade on Chlorophyll content mggram of
P. purpureum. Subscripts with the same letter in the same column showed the significant different test by Least Square Determination
LSD in P0.05.
Figure 20 showed that the highest chlorophyll content was found in 80 levels of shade as 6.70 mggram. The chlorophyll content was not different
statistically on 60 and 80 levels of shade. We gained that chlorophyll content was highly different in 0 levels of shade. It found that as the less irradiance
accepted by plants resulted on the higher chlorophyll content of P. purpureum. Shade leaves generally contained a greater mass of chlorophyll and were green
darker in color. From this data, it could be obtained that as 29.03 of chlorophyll content was increasing rapidly on P. purpureum since it has been planted on 80
of levels of shade, compared with 0 shades treatment. We also gained that the concentration amount of chlorophyll content was higher in S. splendida than P.
purpureum. The information of chlorophyll content was showed in Table 14. Table 14. The Measurement Chlorophyll content mggram of S. splendida on
Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation management treatments.
Levels of shade
Organic Fertilizer
Mgha Defoliation management
40d 50d
60d 30
7.8±0.004 11.4±0.010
8.7±0.010 20
14.3±0.004 10.5±0.008
7.7±0.002 10
9.3±0.004 8.29±0.004
8.4±0.010 60
30 10.5±0.004
16.6±0.012 13.6±0.010
20 14.5±0.010
13.1±0.025 10.1±0.021
10 14.6±0.011
9.6±0.012 14.8±0.010
80 30
13.8±0.010 14.7±0.002
14.5±0.010 20
17.2±0.010 10.5±0.010
11.6±0.010 10
16.7±0.004 15.3±0.008
16.1±0.010
40
2 4
6 8
10 12
14 16
18
60 80
m g
grm
b
a a
Table 14 described the measurement of chlorophyll content of S. splendida within the different treatment of levels of shade, defoliation management and the
additional organic fertilizer. It could be seen that the range of chlorophyll content was 7.0-17.50 mggram. This amount was almost twice higher compared with the
chlorophyll content on P. purpureum. The statistical analysis was conducted and showed there was significance different of levels of shade due to chlorophyll
content of S. splendida P0.05Figure 21.
Figure 21. The mean effect levels of shade measured on Chlorophyll content mggram of S. splendida. Subscripts with the same letter in the same
column showed the significant different test by Least Square Determination LSD in p0.05.
From the figure above it could be seen clearly that there was a trend on the increasing chlorophyll content affected by levels of shade. As previously
discussion stated that the chlorophyll content gradually increased as the less irradiance accepted by plants. The data showed that the highest average of
chlorophyll content was 14.53 mggram. It could be found in 80 of Levels of shade. The lower average of chlorophyll content was found in 60 of Levels of
shade, as 13.02 mggram. The lowest chlorophyll content was found in 0 of Level of shades. Chlorophyll content also increasing as 23.41 as it planted in
80 levels of shade on S. Splendida. From the data it could be inferred that there was indication of plant
respond due to the light availability. This situation strongly connected with photosynthesis process occurred on the plant. It was related to the process on how
chloroplasts working. As Baruch and Gueni 2007 stated that in shade leaves, the chloroplasts move within the cells to take up a position where they will absorb the
41 maximum light without shading other chloroplasts below them. The chloroplasts
are evenly distributed between the palisade and spongy mesophyll layers. By contrast, in sun leaves, the chloroplasts take turns in the bright light and then
shelter in the shade of others whilst they make use of the light they have absorbed. At high irradiance, degradation overtakes synthesis and therefore lowers
chlorophyll concentration, so that shaded leaves tend to have higher chlorophyll concentration per unit weight.
As specifically there were two main different classes of chlorophylls. Scientist divided it into two main classes, chlorophyll-a Chl-a and chlorophyll-b
Chl-b. It was separated based on its job and functions. Chl-a is a constituent of the photosynthetic reaction centers and therefore it can be regarded as the central
photosynthesis pigment. Chl-b contains a firmly residue instead of the methyl residue in chl-a. This small difference has a large influence on light absorption
Heldt 2005. In this study both chlorophyll was observed. The measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b could be seen in Table 15.
Table 15. The Measurement Chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b mggram of P. purpureum on Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation
management treatments.
Levels of
shade Organic
Fertilizer Mgha
Defoliation management 40d
50d 60d
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
30 3.6±0.008
0.9±0.033 4.2±0.001
1.1±0.016 3.6±0.008
0.1±0.003 20
4.9±0.008 1.6±0.003
3.7±0.008 0.1±0.003
3.6±0.008 0.9±0.003
10 3.4±0.008
1.4±0.003 3.2±0.008
0.9±0.003 3.6±0.001
0.8±0.016 60
30 4.4±0.008
1.5±0.033 4.3±0.008
1.2±0.003 5.5±0.001
1.6±0.016 20
4.3±0.008 1.3±0.003
4.7±0.089 0.2±0.003
5.1±0.017 1.5±0.007
10 3.6±0.008
1.2±0.003 5.2±0.008
1.4±0.033 4.6±0.008
1.2±0.003 80
30 4.6±0.008
1.6±0.003 6.7±0.008
2.1±0.033 5.7±0.008
1.7±0.003 20
4.5±0.008 1.5±0.003
6.1±0.008 2.1±0.003
4.7±0.008 1.4±0.003
10 3.7±0.008
1.1±0.003 4.9±0.008
1.5±0.003 4.7±0.001
1.3±0.016
Table above showed the measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b contain on P. purpureum. It could be inferred that the different experimental
treatment has lead to the different amount of chl-a and chl-b. As general, in the less of sun availability the amount of chl-a and chl-b was increasing within the
longer time harvest time. In 60 and 80 levels of shade, the amount of chl-a and chl- b was rapidly higher in 40, 50 and 60 days respectively. However, in the
42
1 2
3 4
5 6
60 80
M g
g ra
m
b a
a
0.5 1
1.5 2
60 80
M g
g ra
m
b ab
a
higher of irradiance accepted by plants in 0 levels of shade, the amount of chl- a and chl-b was slowly decreasing. It also could be noted that there was
significance different P0.05 on the levels of shade on chl-a and chl-b, on P. purpureum Figure 22.
Figure 22. The mean effect levels of shade and measurement on 1 Chlorophyll-a
mggram and 2 Chlorophyll-b mggram of P. purpureum. Subscripts with the same letter in the same column showed the
significant different test by Least Square Determination LSD in p0.05.
Figure 22 showed the main effect influenced by Levels of shade. From the figure above, it could be seen the effect of Levels of shade in the different
defoliation management. In table above was described that there was significance different on level of shade on Chl-aand Chl-b content p0.05. It was noted that
the highest average of chl-a and chl-b could be found in 80 of levels of shade. It has been observed that the highest chl-a was 6.74 mggram and chl-b was 0.19
mggram in P.Purpureum. From the figure above it could be seen clearly that there was a trend that showing the increment of chl-a and chl-b as the increasing
levels of shade. It could be inferred on both plants showing the higher number of chl-a and chl-b content as the less irradiance accepted by plants. It could be seen
that the chlorophyll-a content was rapidly increased on P. purpureum as 25.85, while chl-b was 20.97. The other information provided on chlorophyll-a and
chlorophyll-b content on S.Slendida Table 16.
43
2 4
6 8
10 12
14
60 80
m g
g ra
m
b a
a
Table 16. The Measurement Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b mggram of S. Splendida on Levels of Shade, organic fertilizer and defoliation
management treatments.
Levels of
shade Organic
Fertilizer Mg ha
1
Defoliation management 40d
50d 60d
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
Chl-a content
Chl-b content
30 5.9±0.008
1.8±0.033 7.4±0.001
2.4±0.016 7.3±0.01
1.3±0.016 20
9.8±0.008 4.5±0.003
8.9±0.017 2.3±0.006
6.0±0.03 1.6±0.032
10 6.8±0.008
2.5±0.003 6.7±0.008
1.7±0.003 6.6±0.01
1.8±0.016 60
30 7.8±0.008
2.7±0.033 10.3±0.026
3.7±0.009 10.1±0.01
2.9±0.016 20
11.6±0.008 2.8±0.033
10.9±0.005 2.8±0.029
7.6±0.01 2.4±0.016
10 10.6±0.001
4.1±0.016 9.1±0.026
2.1±0.009 11.5±0.03
3.2±0.032 80
30 9.7±0.001
4.2±0.015 10.6±0.028
3.2±0.026 11.2±0.016
3.3±0.016 20
12.5±0.001 4.7±0.016
10.3±0.001 2.3±0.016
8.8±0.016 2.7±0.016
10 11.7±0.008
4.9±0.003 11.8±0.017
3.0±0.006 12.4±0.016
3.6±0.016
Table 16 showed the measurement of chlorophyll a and b on S. splendida. In S. splendida, the amount of chl-a and chl-b was higher than in P. purpureum. In
this study, it also found that there was significance different on levels of shade due to chl-a and chl-b contain on S. splendida p0.05 Figure 23.
Figure 23. The mean effect levels of shade and measurement on 1 Chlorophyll-a mggram and 2 Chlorophyll-b mggram of S. Splendida. Subscripts
with the same letter in the same column showed the significant different test by Least Square Determination LSD in p0.05
Figure 23 showed the influence of levels of shade on chl-a and chl-b on S. Splendida. The highest average of chl-a was 12.5 mggram and chl-b was 1.69
mggram. The highest number of chl-a and chl-b could be found in 80 levels of shade. It was calculated that there was an increment of chl-a for 23.40 and chl-b
for 26.73 as the following levels of shade.
0.0 1.0
2.0 3.0
4.0 5.0
60 80
m g
g ra
m
b a
a
44