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The third step is checking process by reading, naturalizing and rewriting the revision. It has to do with the restructuring of the translation to ensure that an
accurate, acceptable, and readable translation has been produced.
C. Problems of Translation
A translator sometimes finds some problems every time he or she transfers a message from one language to another. The problems occurred
commonly related to difficulties in transferring the message or the content of the text as well as its form and style because translation is not merely changing the
language into another; it is a reproduction of the source language into target language. Translation is a complicated activity which requires some specific
competence of the translator to result a good quality of product. Newmark states “…you may see it as complicated, artificial, and fraudulent, since by using
another language you are pretending to b e someone you are not.” 1988,5.
Besides, there are also other problems in translation. These are the following problems in translation by Mona Baker 1992,21
1. Culture-specific concepts
The source language word may express a concept which is totally unknown in the target culture. The concept in question may be abstract or
concrete; it may relate to a religious belief, a social custom, or even a type of food.
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2. The source language concept is not lexicalized in the target language
The source language word may express a concept which is known in the target culture but simply not lexicalized, that is not „allocated’ a target
language word to express it. The example for this problem is the adjective standard meaning „ordinary, not extra’, as in standard range of products.
expresses a concept which is very accessible and readily understood by most people, yet Indonesia has no equivalent for it.
3. The source language word is semantically complex
The source language word may be semantically complex. This is a fairly common problem in translation. Words do not have to be morphologically
complex. In other words, a single word which consists of a single morpheme can sometimes express a more complex set of meanings than a
whole sentence.
4. The source and target languages make different distinctions in
meaning
The target language may make more or fewer distinctions in meaning than the source language. What one language regards as in important distinction
in meaning another language may not perceive as relevant. For example, Indonesian makes a distinction between going out in the rain with the
knowledge that it is
raining kehujanan
and going out in the rain with the knowledge that it is
raining hujan-hujanan
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5. The target language lacks a super ordinate
The target language may have specific words hyponyms but no general word super ordinate to head the semantic field. On the other hand,
sometimes the target language lacks a specific term hyponym since each language makes only those distinctions in meaning which seem relevant to
its particular environment. Considering of the problems of translation above, the translator needs to
be careful in translating the text. The translator have to find out the exact strategy in transferring the message so the readers can read the translation as if they were
reading the real book.
D. Wh-Questions English and Indonesian Language Versions
