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Figure 2: Analytical Construct
High School Musical
Movie Series Conversation Analysis
Interruption Repair
Sequence Organization Preference Structure
Adjacency Pairs
Cooperative Intrusive
Functions of Interruption Types of Interruption
Neutral 1. Agreement
2. Clarification 3. Assistance
4. Collaborative
Completion 1. Disagreement
2. Rejection 3. Floor-Taking
4. Topic-Change 5. Tangentialization
1. Simple Interruption 2. Overlap Interruption
3. Butting-in Interruption 4. Silent Interruption
A Conversation Analysis of Interruption in High School Musical Movie Series
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents a detailed account of the research method applied by the researcher during her study. The account encompasses some parts including
type of the research; form, context and sources of the data; instruments of the research; technique of data collection; technique of data analysis; and
trustworthiness of the data.
A. Type of the Research
This research adopted a mixed-method research design in which both qualitative and quantitative approach were employed to describe the topic under
study. Nevertheless, this research relied heavily on the qualitative approach for the data analysis because the data were explained in detail based on the narrative
understanding of the phenomenon under scrutiny. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 7, data in qualitative research are analyzed in a narrative form
using words or textual descriptions as distinct from quantitative research data which are analyzed using numbers or statistics.
Moreover, the main goal of the research was to get a complete illustration of how the phenomenon of interruption was carried out by the characters in High
School Musical movie series. To achieve that goal, the qualitative rather than the quantitative approach is considered best suited to use as the primary procedure in
the research. Bodgan and Biklen cited by Fraenkel and Wallen 2008: 422 report that research which deals with observing the quality of a phenomenon, such as
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about how a particular activity or situation happens, belongs to the area of qualitative studies.
Apart from the fact that the research primarily employed a qualitative approach, a simple quantitative analysis was also performed within the research.
The analysis was done for the purpose of providing the detailed statistics of the findings by counting the frequency of each category of the research problems
found in the research. In this case, the quantification process was conducted after the qualitative data analysis was completed. As stated by Fraenkel and Wallen
2008: 427, a qualitative data analysis may also include certain statistics to be calculated in order to clarify the details about the phenomenon of investigation.
For this research, the results of the quantitative analysis were used to complement and reinforce the explanation and interpretation of the qualitative findings.
B. Form, Context and Sources of the Data
The collection of information researchers acquire on the subject of their research is called data Fraenkel and Wallen, 2008: 110. Data of research can be
derived from numerous sources, such as field notes, interview transcriptions, journals, videotapes, films, and some others. The data gathered in this research
were interruptions in the form of utterances. Since the data were taken from conversations or spoken interactions, the contexts of the data were dialogues.
Moreover, the source of the data in this research was primarily taken from the video of High School Musical movie series in the form of audio-visual
material. In addition to this material, the researcher also deployed written material as a secondary source, namely the transcripts of the dialogues in the movie series
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obtained from an internet source. The transcripts helped the researcher to deal with the problem of hearing and understanding the dialogues so that inaccurate
data would be preventable.
C. Instruments of the Research
As the research is fundamentally a qualitative study, the main instrument of the research is human, that is to say the researcher herself. Lincoln and Guba
in Vanderstoep and Johnston, 2009: 188 argue that human is the best instrument used to analyse and interpret a qualitative inquiry. The opinion is supported by
Bodgan and Biklen in Fraenkel and Wallen, 2008: 422 who state that the researcher of qualitative research plays a leading role in the process of the study,
including observing and collecting data. Additionally, some secondary instruments were also employed to support
the researcher to carry out the study, i.e. a data sheet, a movie player and the transcripts of the dialogues in the movie series. The data sheet enabled the
researcher to organize the data into more specific units according to their respective categories, and thus it effectively supported the researcher in analysing
the data. Furthermore, the movie player facilitated the availability of the audio- visual material that allowed the researcher to watch and listen to the overall
phenomena of interruptions in the movie series. Last, the film transcripts accommodated the researcher with additional and useful sources for acquiring
complete and precise data which were difficult to obtain simply from examining the audio-visual material.
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D. Technique of Data Collection
Data collection is a process in which researchers observe a particular subject of interest and gather information from the subject for a study Creswell,
2012: 9. In this research, the data were interruptions taken from the utterances by the characters in High School Musical movie series. To collect the data, the
researcher conducted note-taking, that is, by taking notes of the occurrence of interruption while observing the movie series.
In the process of the data collection, several steps were performed by the researcher as follows. First, the researcher watched and listened to the movie
series while reading the transcripts of the dialogues. Second, she marked every occurrence of interruption once it was discovered in the dialogues by the
characters and took notes of necessary information related to the interruption which was useful for further analysis. Next, in the third step, after all the data of
interruption were recorded, she put the raw data into a data sheet to be analysed afterwards.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
To analyse the data in this research, the researcher utilized a textual analysis approach. A textual analysis is an approach used in the investigation of
the meaning of verbal or non-verbal signs carried by certain texts Vanderstoep and Johnston, 2009: 210-3. In the textual analysis, a text is considered as a
collection of signs that conveys symbolic meaning. Hence, any meaningful text derived from written, spoken or visual objects can be used to be a source for the
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textual analysis, for instance, a book, an advertisement, a news report, a film, a speech, a music video, a memorial or statue, a building, and so on.
In this research, the textual analysis was devoted to the identification and interpretation of verbal signs called conversation especially on the phenomenon of
interruption reflected in High School Musical movie series. The analysis was particularly done to answer two research problems, that is, the types and functions
of interruption. Finally, the procedures of analysing the data in this research were accomplished through the following steps.
1. The researcher rechecked the data which had been recorded and put into a
data sheet. In this step, she read the entire data while compared them with the actual cases in the movie series to confirm that they were valid and
relevant to the phenomenon under study, i.e. interruption. 2.
The researcher identified and classified the data which had been verified based on the two research problems, i.e. the types and the functions of
interruption, by referring to the theories used. 3.
The researcher analysed the classified data by counting the frequency and the percentage of each category of the two research problems. The results
of the quantification were subsequently displayed in a table. 4.
The researcher interpreted the results of the data analysis. The researcher explained the findings of each research problem in detail in the form of
narrative descriptions. 5.
The researcher reported the results of the interpretations in some points of conclusion. To validate the report, the findings and interpretations were
